Synthesis And Evaluation Of Geopolymer Properties Using Sago Pith Waste Ash
The sago pith waste (SPW) is a fibrous starch generated from pith of Metroxylon Sagu (Sago Palm), known as an agricultural waste, dumped into nearby rivers without proper treatment, leading to river pollution. Several studies have been conducted to maximize the potential use of SPW and minimize t...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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2018
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| Online Access: | http://eprints.usm.my/47842/ http://eprints.usm.my/47842/1/Synthesis%20And%20Evaluation%20Of%20Geopolymer%20Properties%20Using%20Sago%20Pith%20Waste%20Ash.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848880990550753280 |
|---|---|
| author | Rashid, Mohamad Rohaidzat Mohamed |
| author_facet | Rashid, Mohamad Rohaidzat Mohamed |
| author_sort | Rashid, Mohamad Rohaidzat Mohamed |
| building | USM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The sago pith waste (SPW) is a fibrous starch generated from pith of Metroxylon
Sagu (Sago Palm), known as an agricultural waste, dumped into nearby rivers without
proper treatment, leading to river pollution. Several studies have been conducted to
maximize the potential use of SPW and minimize the amount of waste generated by
the sago industries. Yet, there is still lack of investigation on the utilization of SPW
ashes (SPWA) compared to other agricultural waste materials. Thus, the study of
SPWA as an alternative raw material, especially in geopolymer products fabrications
requires further investigations. In this work, the optimum SPWA obtained from
calcination temperatures (500 C to 1000 C) was used as a partial replacement
material (0 to 40 wt. %) in main source material fly ash (FA). These materials are
prepared with a combination of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate
(Na2SiO3) as an activator in geopolymer product fabrication. The X-ray florescence
(XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), mechanical
compression testing, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were
used as a tools to investigate the viability of SPWA underlying the mechanisms of
geopolymerisation. This study revealed that the SPWA mainly composed of CaO and
SiO2 with the presence of other oxides such as MgO, Fe2O3, and Al2O3. CaO and SiO2
oxides in SPWA are very significant oxides which are beneficially can be used as an
alternative binder for the synthesis of geopolymer products. The compressive strength
of geopolymer (GSPWA) mortar at 10% of FA replacement has shown 7% increase
compared to normal mortar which utilising on FA as a binder. The highest strength at
28 days is recorded by heat-cured at 65 C (57 kN/m2) followed with oven-cured at 70
C (47 kN/m2) and ambient temperature at 28 C (45 kN/m2). Furthermore, by simple
calculations it is shown that the amount of SPWA generated via calcination process is
around 0.05 tonne for each tonne of SPW material used. Therefore, the significant of
utilizing SPWA as a new alternative raw material especially as a geopolymer product
fabrications are two-fold; the waste generated from SPW industry can be manage
wisely, whilst the water pollution created by SPW industry can also be minimized. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T18:11:54Z |
| format | Thesis |
| id | usm-47842 |
| institution | Universiti Sains Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T18:11:54Z |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | usm-478422021-11-17T03:42:13Z http://eprints.usm.my/47842/ Synthesis And Evaluation Of Geopolymer Properties Using Sago Pith Waste Ash Rashid, Mohamad Rohaidzat Mohamed T Technology TA401-492 Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials The sago pith waste (SPW) is a fibrous starch generated from pith of Metroxylon Sagu (Sago Palm), known as an agricultural waste, dumped into nearby rivers without proper treatment, leading to river pollution. Several studies have been conducted to maximize the potential use of SPW and minimize the amount of waste generated by the sago industries. Yet, there is still lack of investigation on the utilization of SPW ashes (SPWA) compared to other agricultural waste materials. Thus, the study of SPWA as an alternative raw material, especially in geopolymer products fabrications requires further investigations. In this work, the optimum SPWA obtained from calcination temperatures (500 C to 1000 C) was used as a partial replacement material (0 to 40 wt. %) in main source material fly ash (FA). These materials are prepared with a combination of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) as an activator in geopolymer product fabrication. The X-ray florescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), mechanical compression testing, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were used as a tools to investigate the viability of SPWA underlying the mechanisms of geopolymerisation. This study revealed that the SPWA mainly composed of CaO and SiO2 with the presence of other oxides such as MgO, Fe2O3, and Al2O3. CaO and SiO2 oxides in SPWA are very significant oxides which are beneficially can be used as an alternative binder for the synthesis of geopolymer products. The compressive strength of geopolymer (GSPWA) mortar at 10% of FA replacement has shown 7% increase compared to normal mortar which utilising on FA as a binder. The highest strength at 28 days is recorded by heat-cured at 65 C (57 kN/m2) followed with oven-cured at 70 C (47 kN/m2) and ambient temperature at 28 C (45 kN/m2). Furthermore, by simple calculations it is shown that the amount of SPWA generated via calcination process is around 0.05 tonne for each tonne of SPW material used. Therefore, the significant of utilizing SPWA as a new alternative raw material especially as a geopolymer product fabrications are two-fold; the waste generated from SPW industry can be manage wisely, whilst the water pollution created by SPW industry can also be minimized. 2018-09-01 Thesis NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://eprints.usm.my/47842/1/Synthesis%20And%20Evaluation%20Of%20Geopolymer%20Properties%20Using%20Sago%20Pith%20Waste%20Ash.pdf Rashid, Mohamad Rohaidzat Mohamed (2018) Synthesis And Evaluation Of Geopolymer Properties Using Sago Pith Waste Ash. PhD thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia. |
| spellingShingle | T Technology TA401-492 Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials Rashid, Mohamad Rohaidzat Mohamed Synthesis And Evaluation Of Geopolymer Properties Using Sago Pith Waste Ash |
| title | Synthesis And Evaluation Of Geopolymer Properties Using Sago Pith Waste Ash |
| title_full | Synthesis And Evaluation Of Geopolymer Properties Using Sago Pith Waste Ash |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis And Evaluation Of Geopolymer Properties Using Sago Pith Waste Ash |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis And Evaluation Of Geopolymer Properties Using Sago Pith Waste Ash |
| title_short | Synthesis And Evaluation Of Geopolymer Properties Using Sago Pith Waste Ash |
| title_sort | synthesis and evaluation of geopolymer properties using sago pith waste ash |
| topic | T Technology TA401-492 Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials |
| url | http://eprints.usm.my/47842/ http://eprints.usm.my/47842/1/Synthesis%20And%20Evaluation%20Of%20Geopolymer%20Properties%20Using%20Sago%20Pith%20Waste%20Ash.pdf |