Exosomes in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I Pathogenesis: Threat or Opportunity?

Nanometre-sized vesicles, also known as exosomes, are derived from endosomes of diverse cell types and present in multiple biological fluids. Depending on their cellular origins, the membrane-bound exosomes packed a variety of functional proteins and RNA species. These microvesicles are secreted i...

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Main Authors: Teow, Sin Yeang, Nordin, Alif Che, Ali, Syed A., Khoo, Alan Soo Beng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016
Subjects:
Online Access:http://eprints.usm.my/39056/
http://eprints.usm.my/39056/1/Exosomes_in_Human_Immunodeficiency_Virus_Type_I_Pathogenesis_Threat_or_Opportunity.pdf
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author Teow, Sin Yeang
Nordin, Alif Che
Ali, Syed A.
Khoo, Alan Soo Beng
author_facet Teow, Sin Yeang
Nordin, Alif Che
Ali, Syed A.
Khoo, Alan Soo Beng
author_sort Teow, Sin Yeang
building USM Institutional Repository
collection Online Access
description Nanometre-sized vesicles, also known as exosomes, are derived from endosomes of diverse cell types and present in multiple biological fluids. Depending on their cellular origins, the membrane-bound exosomes packed a variety of functional proteins and RNA species. These microvesicles are secreted into the extracellular space to facilitate intercellular communication. Collective findings demonstrated that exosomes fromHIV-infected subjects sharemany commonalities withHuman ImmunodeficiencyVirus Type I (HIV-1) particles in terms of proteomics and lipid profiles. These observations postulated that HIV-resembled exosomes may contribute to HIV pathogenesis. Interestingly, recent reports illustrated that exosomes from body fluids could inhibit HIV infection, which then bring up a new paradigm for HIV/AIDS therapy. Accumulative findings suggested that the cellular origin of exosomes may define their effects towards HIV-1. This review summarizes the two distinctive roles of exosomes in regulating HIV pathogenesis. We also highlighted several additional factors that govern the exosomal functions. Deeper understanding on how exosomes promote or abate HIV infection can significantly contribute to the development of new and potent antiviral therapeutic strategy and vaccine designs.
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spelling usm-390562018-02-20T07:19:16Z http://eprints.usm.my/39056/ Exosomes in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I Pathogenesis: Threat or Opportunity? Teow, Sin Yeang Nordin, Alif Che Ali, Syed A. Khoo, Alan Soo Beng RK1-715 Dentistry Nanometre-sized vesicles, also known as exosomes, are derived from endosomes of diverse cell types and present in multiple biological fluids. Depending on their cellular origins, the membrane-bound exosomes packed a variety of functional proteins and RNA species. These microvesicles are secreted into the extracellular space to facilitate intercellular communication. Collective findings demonstrated that exosomes fromHIV-infected subjects sharemany commonalities withHuman ImmunodeficiencyVirus Type I (HIV-1) particles in terms of proteomics and lipid profiles. These observations postulated that HIV-resembled exosomes may contribute to HIV pathogenesis. Interestingly, recent reports illustrated that exosomes from body fluids could inhibit HIV infection, which then bring up a new paradigm for HIV/AIDS therapy. Accumulative findings suggested that the cellular origin of exosomes may define their effects towards HIV-1. This review summarizes the two distinctive roles of exosomes in regulating HIV pathogenesis. We also highlighted several additional factors that govern the exosomal functions. Deeper understanding on how exosomes promote or abate HIV infection can significantly contribute to the development of new and potent antiviral therapeutic strategy and vaccine designs. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://eprints.usm.my/39056/1/Exosomes_in_Human_Immunodeficiency_Virus_Type_I_Pathogenesis_Threat_or_Opportunity.pdf Teow, Sin Yeang and Nordin, Alif Che and Ali, Syed A. and Khoo, Alan Soo Beng (2016) Exosomes in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I Pathogenesis: Threat or Opportunity? Advances in Virology, 2016 (985249). pp. 1-8. ISSN 1687-8639 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9852494
spellingShingle RK1-715 Dentistry
Teow, Sin Yeang
Nordin, Alif Che
Ali, Syed A.
Khoo, Alan Soo Beng
Exosomes in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I Pathogenesis: Threat or Opportunity?
title Exosomes in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I Pathogenesis: Threat or Opportunity?
title_full Exosomes in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I Pathogenesis: Threat or Opportunity?
title_fullStr Exosomes in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I Pathogenesis: Threat or Opportunity?
title_full_unstemmed Exosomes in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I Pathogenesis: Threat or Opportunity?
title_short Exosomes in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I Pathogenesis: Threat or Opportunity?
title_sort exosomes in human immunodeficiency virus type i pathogenesis: threat or opportunity?
topic RK1-715 Dentistry
url http://eprints.usm.my/39056/
http://eprints.usm.my/39056/
http://eprints.usm.my/39056/1/Exosomes_in_Human_Immunodeficiency_Virus_Type_I_Pathogenesis_Threat_or_Opportunity.pdf