Exosomes in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I Pathogenesis: Threat or Opportunity?
Nanometre-sized vesicles, also known as exosomes, are derived from endosomes of diverse cell types and present in multiple biological fluids. Depending on their cellular origins, the membrane-bound exosomes packed a variety of functional proteins and RNA species. These microvesicles are secreted i...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2016
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://eprints.usm.my/39056/ http://eprints.usm.my/39056/1/Exosomes_in_Human_Immunodeficiency_Virus_Type_I_Pathogenesis_Threat_or_Opportunity.pdf |
| Summary: | Nanometre-sized vesicles, also known as exosomes, are derived from endosomes of diverse cell types and present in multiple
biological fluids. Depending on their cellular origins, the membrane-bound exosomes packed a variety of functional proteins
and RNA species. These microvesicles are secreted into the extracellular space to facilitate intercellular communication. Collective
findings demonstrated that exosomes fromHIV-infected subjects sharemany commonalities withHuman ImmunodeficiencyVirus
Type I (HIV-1) particles in terms of proteomics and lipid profiles. These observations postulated that HIV-resembled exosomes
may contribute to HIV pathogenesis. Interestingly, recent reports illustrated that exosomes from body fluids could inhibit HIV
infection, which then bring up a new paradigm for HIV/AIDS therapy. Accumulative findings suggested that the cellular origin of
exosomes may define their effects towards HIV-1. This review summarizes the two distinctive roles of exosomes in regulating HIV
pathogenesis. We also highlighted several additional factors that govern the exosomal functions. Deeper understanding on how
exosomes promote or abate HIV infection can significantly contribute to the development of new and potent antiviral therapeutic
strategy and vaccine designs. |
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