Effect of surfactant and surfactant blends on pseudoternary phase diagram behavior of newly synthesized palm kernel oil esters
Background: The purpose of this study was to select appropriate surfactants or blends of surfactants to study the ternary phase diagram behavior of newly introduced palm kernel oil esters. Methods: Nonionic surfactant blends of Tween® and Tween®/Span® series were screened based on their solubili...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Dove Medical Press
2011
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| Online Access: | http://eprints.usm.my/38886/ http://eprints.usm.my/38886/1/Effect_of_surfactant_and_surfactant_blends_on_pseudoternary_phase_diagram_behavior.pdf |
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| author | Elrashid, Saleh Mahdi Mohamed HF, Sakeena Muthanna F, Abdulkarim Ghassan Z, Abdullah Munavvar, Abdul Sattar Azmin, Mohd Noor |
| author_facet | Elrashid, Saleh Mahdi Mohamed HF, Sakeena Muthanna F, Abdulkarim Ghassan Z, Abdullah Munavvar, Abdul Sattar Azmin, Mohd Noor |
| author_sort | Elrashid, Saleh Mahdi |
| building | USM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Background: The purpose of this study was to select appropriate surfactants or blends of
surfactants to study the ternary phase diagram behavior of newly introduced palm kernel oil
esters.
Methods: Nonionic surfactant blends of Tween® and Tween®/Span® series were screened based
on their solubilization capacity with water for palm kernel oil esters. Tween® 80 and five blends
of Tween® 80/Span® 80 and Tween® 80/Span® 85 in the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB)
value range of 10.7–14.0 were selected to study the phase diagram behavior of palm kernel oil
esters using the water titration method at room temperature.
Results: High solubilization capacity was obtained by Tween® 80 compared with other surfactants
of Tween® series. High HLB blends of Tween® 80/Span® 85 and Tween® 80/Span® 80 at
HLB 13.7 and 13.9, respectively, have better solubilization capacity compared with the lower
HLB values of Tween® 80/Span® 80. All the selected blends of surfactants were formed as waterin-
oil microemulsions, and other dispersion systems varied in size and geometrical layout in the
triangles. The high solubilization capacity and larger areas of the water-in-oil microemulsion
systems were due to the structural similarity between the lipophilic tail of Tween® 80 and the
oleyl group of the palm kernel oil esters.
Conclusion: This study suggests that the phase diagram behavior of palm kernel oil esters,
water, and nonionic surfactants is not only affected by the HLB value, but also by the structural
similarity between palm kernel oil esters and the surfactant used. The information gathered in
this study is useful for researchers and manufacturers interested in using palm kernel oil esters
in pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparation. The use of palm kernel oil esters can improve drug
delivery and reduce the cost of cosmetics. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T17:33:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | usm-38886 |
| institution | Universiti Sains Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T17:33:48Z |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | usm-388862018-02-13T08:02:19Z http://eprints.usm.my/38886/ Effect of surfactant and surfactant blends on pseudoternary phase diagram behavior of newly synthesized palm kernel oil esters Elrashid, Saleh Mahdi Mohamed HF, Sakeena Muthanna F, Abdulkarim Ghassan Z, Abdullah Munavvar, Abdul Sattar Azmin, Mohd Noor RS1-441 Pharmacy and materia medica Background: The purpose of this study was to select appropriate surfactants or blends of surfactants to study the ternary phase diagram behavior of newly introduced palm kernel oil esters. Methods: Nonionic surfactant blends of Tween® and Tween®/Span® series were screened based on their solubilization capacity with water for palm kernel oil esters. Tween® 80 and five blends of Tween® 80/Span® 80 and Tween® 80/Span® 85 in the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value range of 10.7–14.0 were selected to study the phase diagram behavior of palm kernel oil esters using the water titration method at room temperature. Results: High solubilization capacity was obtained by Tween® 80 compared with other surfactants of Tween® series. High HLB blends of Tween® 80/Span® 85 and Tween® 80/Span® 80 at HLB 13.7 and 13.9, respectively, have better solubilization capacity compared with the lower HLB values of Tween® 80/Span® 80. All the selected blends of surfactants were formed as waterin- oil microemulsions, and other dispersion systems varied in size and geometrical layout in the triangles. The high solubilization capacity and larger areas of the water-in-oil microemulsion systems were due to the structural similarity between the lipophilic tail of Tween® 80 and the oleyl group of the palm kernel oil esters. Conclusion: This study suggests that the phase diagram behavior of palm kernel oil esters, water, and nonionic surfactants is not only affected by the HLB value, but also by the structural similarity between palm kernel oil esters and the surfactant used. The information gathered in this study is useful for researchers and manufacturers interested in using palm kernel oil esters in pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparation. The use of palm kernel oil esters can improve drug delivery and reduce the cost of cosmetics. Dove Medical Press 2011 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://eprints.usm.my/38886/1/Effect_of_surfactant_and_surfactant_blends_on_pseudoternary_phase_diagram_behavior.pdf Elrashid, Saleh Mahdi and Mohamed HF, Sakeena and Muthanna F, Abdulkarim and Ghassan Z, Abdullah and Munavvar, Abdul Sattar and Azmin, Mohd Noor (2011) Effect of surfactant and surfactant blends on pseudoternary phase diagram behavior of newly synthesized palm kernel oil esters. Drug Design, Development and Therapy, 2011 (5). pp. 311-323. ISSN 1177-8881 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3140288/ |
| spellingShingle | RS1-441 Pharmacy and materia medica Elrashid, Saleh Mahdi Mohamed HF, Sakeena Muthanna F, Abdulkarim Ghassan Z, Abdullah Munavvar, Abdul Sattar Azmin, Mohd Noor Effect of surfactant and surfactant blends on pseudoternary phase diagram behavior of newly synthesized palm kernel oil esters |
| title | Effect of surfactant and surfactant blends on pseudoternary phase diagram behavior of newly synthesized palm kernel oil esters |
| title_full | Effect of surfactant and surfactant blends on pseudoternary phase diagram behavior of newly synthesized palm kernel oil esters |
| title_fullStr | Effect of surfactant and surfactant blends on pseudoternary phase diagram behavior of newly synthesized palm kernel oil esters |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of surfactant and surfactant blends on pseudoternary phase diagram behavior of newly synthesized palm kernel oil esters |
| title_short | Effect of surfactant and surfactant blends on pseudoternary phase diagram behavior of newly synthesized palm kernel oil esters |
| title_sort | effect of surfactant and surfactant blends on pseudoternary phase diagram behavior of newly synthesized palm kernel oil esters |
| topic | RS1-441 Pharmacy and materia medica |
| url | http://eprints.usm.my/38886/ http://eprints.usm.my/38886/ http://eprints.usm.my/38886/1/Effect_of_surfactant_and_surfactant_blends_on_pseudoternary_phase_diagram_behavior.pdf |