A Simple Approach to Distinguish Classic and Formaldehyde-Free Tannin Based Rigid Foams by ATR FT-IR
Tannin based rigid foams (TBRFs) have been produced with formaldehyde since 1994. Only recently several methods have been developed in order to produce these foams without using formaldehyde. TBRFs with and without formaldehyde are visually indistinguishable; therefore a method for determining the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2015
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| Online Access: | http://eprints.usm.my/38194/ http://eprints.usm.my/38194/1/A_Simple_Approach_to_Distinguish_Classic_and_Formaldehyde-Free_Tannin_Based_Rigid_Foams.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848878399677792256 |
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| author | Gianluca, Tondi Martin, Link Chuan, Wei Oo Alexander, Petutschnigg |
| author_facet | Gianluca, Tondi Martin, Link Chuan, Wei Oo Alexander, Petutschnigg |
| author_sort | Gianluca, Tondi |
| building | USM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Tannin based rigid foams (TBRFs) have been produced with formaldehyde since 1994. Only recently several methods have been
developed in order to produce these foams without using formaldehyde. TBRFs with and without formaldehyde are visually
indistinguishable; therefore a method for determining the differences between these foams had to be found. The attenuated total
reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR) investigation of the TBRFs presented in this paper allowed discrimination between
the formaldehyde-containing (classic) and formaldehyde-free TBRFs.Thespectra of the formaldehyde-free TBRFs, indeed, present
decreased band intensity related to the C–O stretching vibration of (i) the methylol groups and (ii) the furanic rings. This evidence
served to prove the chemical difference between the two TBRFs and explained the slightly higher mechanical properties measured
for the classic TBRFs. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T17:30:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | usm-38194 |
| institution | Universiti Sains Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T17:30:43Z |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | usm-381942018-01-03T04:15:02Z http://eprints.usm.my/38194/ A Simple Approach to Distinguish Classic and Formaldehyde-Free Tannin Based Rigid Foams by ATR FT-IR Gianluca, Tondi Martin, Link Chuan, Wei Oo Alexander, Petutschnigg QD1-999 Chemistry Tannin based rigid foams (TBRFs) have been produced with formaldehyde since 1994. Only recently several methods have been developed in order to produce these foams without using formaldehyde. TBRFs with and without formaldehyde are visually indistinguishable; therefore a method for determining the differences between these foams had to be found. The attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR) investigation of the TBRFs presented in this paper allowed discrimination between the formaldehyde-containing (classic) and formaldehyde-free TBRFs.Thespectra of the formaldehyde-free TBRFs, indeed, present decreased band intensity related to the C–O stretching vibration of (i) the methylol groups and (ii) the furanic rings. This evidence served to prove the chemical difference between the two TBRFs and explained the slightly higher mechanical properties measured for the classic TBRFs. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://eprints.usm.my/38194/1/A_Simple_Approach_to_Distinguish_Classic_and_Formaldehyde-Free_Tannin_Based_Rigid_Foams.pdf Gianluca, Tondi and Martin, Link and Chuan, Wei Oo and Alexander, Petutschnigg (2015) A Simple Approach to Distinguish Classic and Formaldehyde-Free Tannin Based Rigid Foams by ATR FT-IR. Journal of Spectroscopy, 2015 (902340). pp. 1-8. ISSN 2314-4920 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/902340 |
| spellingShingle | QD1-999 Chemistry Gianluca, Tondi Martin, Link Chuan, Wei Oo Alexander, Petutschnigg A Simple Approach to Distinguish Classic and Formaldehyde-Free Tannin Based Rigid Foams by ATR FT-IR |
| title | A Simple Approach to Distinguish Classic and Formaldehyde-Free Tannin Based Rigid Foams by ATR FT-IR |
| title_full | A Simple Approach to Distinguish Classic and Formaldehyde-Free Tannin Based Rigid Foams by ATR FT-IR |
| title_fullStr | A Simple Approach to Distinguish Classic and Formaldehyde-Free Tannin Based Rigid Foams by ATR FT-IR |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Simple Approach to Distinguish Classic and Formaldehyde-Free Tannin Based Rigid Foams by ATR FT-IR |
| title_short | A Simple Approach to Distinguish Classic and Formaldehyde-Free Tannin Based Rigid Foams by ATR FT-IR |
| title_sort | simple approach to distinguish classic and formaldehyde-free tannin based rigid foams by atr ft-ir |
| topic | QD1-999 Chemistry |
| url | http://eprints.usm.my/38194/ http://eprints.usm.my/38194/ http://eprints.usm.my/38194/1/A_Simple_Approach_to_Distinguish_Classic_and_Formaldehyde-Free_Tannin_Based_Rigid_Foams.pdf |