Female poverty in the Northern States of Malaysia
The male population in Malaysia is higher compared to female, but there are more female in education in comparison with male. According to the Statistics of Higher Education of Malaysia Report 2010, more than 60 per cent of enrolments in Public Higher Education Institutions are female. Even thoug...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Conference or Workshop Item |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2015
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://eprints.usm.my/35092/ http://eprints.usm.my/35092/1/PPIK17.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848877525448523776 |
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| author | Mohamad Azhar, Nur Azirah Zahida Mohd, Saidatulakmal Bahari, Zakaria |
| author_facet | Mohamad Azhar, Nur Azirah Zahida Mohd, Saidatulakmal Bahari, Zakaria |
| author_sort | Mohamad Azhar, Nur Azirah Zahida |
| building | USM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The male population in Malaysia is higher compared to female, but there are more
female in education in comparison with male. According to the Statistics of Higher Education of
Malaysia Report 2010, more than 60 per cent of enrolments in Public Higher Education Institutions
are female. Even though there are more female in tertiary education, but the wages for female
employee are still lower compared to male employee. Somehow, this situation has contributed to
female poverty. Among others, the factors known to influence female poverty are low education
attainment, poor health, lack of gainful employment due to child rearing responsibility, involvement
in low productivity jobs, divorce. While Malaysia has demonstrated successful reduction of poverty
from more than 50 per cent in the 1970s to 0.6 per cent in 2014, there is no information on how
female poverty has been affected over the years. The main objective of this study is to assess female
poverty incidence in the Northern States of Malaysia. Specifically, the study aims to empirically
determine the poverty incidences among female and the factors influencing the female poverty in the
Northern States of Malaysia. The study found that 0.17 per cent of female in the Northern States are
living in state of poverty. Female with lower education have higher incidence of poverty where 36 per
cent and 21 per cent of them who have non-formal and primary education respectively are poor.
Logistic probability function taking the value of 1 (female living in poverty) and 0 (female not living
in poverty) is employed to determine factors influencing female poverty. The independent variables
included are per capita income, income inequality by states and education attainment. All variables
are found to be statistically significant in influencing female poverty. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T17:16:50Z |
| format | Conference or Workshop Item |
| id | usm-35092 |
| institution | Universiti Sains Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T17:16:50Z |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | usm-350922017-06-13T07:11:24Z http://eprints.usm.my/35092/ Female poverty in the Northern States of Malaysia Mohamad Azhar, Nur Azirah Zahida Mohd, Saidatulakmal Bahari, Zakaria H Social Sciences (General) The male population in Malaysia is higher compared to female, but there are more female in education in comparison with male. According to the Statistics of Higher Education of Malaysia Report 2010, more than 60 per cent of enrolments in Public Higher Education Institutions are female. Even though there are more female in tertiary education, but the wages for female employee are still lower compared to male employee. Somehow, this situation has contributed to female poverty. Among others, the factors known to influence female poverty are low education attainment, poor health, lack of gainful employment due to child rearing responsibility, involvement in low productivity jobs, divorce. While Malaysia has demonstrated successful reduction of poverty from more than 50 per cent in the 1970s to 0.6 per cent in 2014, there is no information on how female poverty has been affected over the years. The main objective of this study is to assess female poverty incidence in the Northern States of Malaysia. Specifically, the study aims to empirically determine the poverty incidences among female and the factors influencing the female poverty in the Northern States of Malaysia. The study found that 0.17 per cent of female in the Northern States are living in state of poverty. Female with lower education have higher incidence of poverty where 36 per cent and 21 per cent of them who have non-formal and primary education respectively are poor. Logistic probability function taking the value of 1 (female living in poverty) and 0 (female not living in poverty) is employed to determine factors influencing female poverty. The independent variables included are per capita income, income inequality by states and education attainment. All variables are found to be statistically significant in influencing female poverty. 2015-08 Conference or Workshop Item PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://eprints.usm.my/35092/1/PPIK17.pdf Mohamad Azhar, Nur Azirah Zahida and Mohd, Saidatulakmal and Bahari, Zakaria (2015) Female poverty in the Northern States of Malaysia. In: International Conference on Development and Socio Spatial Inequalities 2015, 19 – 20 August 2015, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. |
| spellingShingle | H Social Sciences (General) Mohamad Azhar, Nur Azirah Zahida Mohd, Saidatulakmal Bahari, Zakaria Female poverty in the Northern States of Malaysia |
| title | Female poverty in the Northern States of Malaysia |
| title_full | Female poverty in the Northern States of Malaysia |
| title_fullStr | Female poverty in the Northern States of Malaysia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Female poverty in the Northern States of Malaysia |
| title_short | Female poverty in the Northern States of Malaysia |
| title_sort | female poverty in the northern states of malaysia |
| topic | H Social Sciences (General) |
| url | http://eprints.usm.my/35092/ http://eprints.usm.my/35092/1/PPIK17.pdf |