Oil Rents And Democracy In Iran 1997-2010: Re-Visiting The Rentier State Theory - Najdi, Youhanna (2015)

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Iran, negara yang kaya dengan sumber tetapi mengalami masalah sistem demokrasi yang amat teruk. Penyelidikan ini bertujuan mengkaji kesan daripada pulangan minyak terhadap demokrasi di Iran, dalam tempoh 1997 – 2010. Justeru, penulis meneliti semula teori kerajaan dan menerapkannya dalam keadaan semasa di Iran untuk menjelaskan bagaimana kekayaan atau kemewahan minyak telah membantutkan atau menghalang proses demokerasi di Iran. Satu penyelidikan kualitatif dijalankan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kajian kes dan analisis konteks. Data sekunder dikumpul daripada laporan rasmi kerajaan Iran dan juga laporan daripada pertubuhan antarabangsa yang boleh dipercayai. Dalam seksyen pertama kajian ini, terbukti bahawa Iran dapat dikategorikan sebagai negara penyewa, berdasarkan definisi teori dan keperluan utamanya. Syer perolehan atau pendapatan minyak dalam ekonomi Iran, peranan marginal daripada sistem percukaian, dan pemilikan industri minyak diketengahkan dalam konteks ini. Iran is a resource-rich country that severely suffers from a lack of democracy. The purpose of the present research is to study the effect of oil revenues on democracy in Iran from 1997 to 2010. In order to do so, the author re-visited the rentier state theory and applied it to Iran’s present condition to explain how oil wealth has hindered the democratization process in Iran. A qualitative research was conducted using the case study approach and content analysis. The secondary data was collected from official reports of the Iranian government as well as from reports of reliable international organizations. In the first section of this study it is evidenced that Iran can be categorized as a rentier state, based on the definition of the theory and its vital requirements. The share of oil income in Iran’s economy, marginal role of taxation system, and government ownership of the oil industry were highlighted in this context.