Isolation And Characterization Tempo Oxidized Nanocrystalline Cellulose From Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch
Selulosa nanokristal daripada tandan buah kelapas sawit kosong (OPEFB-NCC) telah berjaya diasingkan, dengan hasil sebanyak 67% daripada OPEFB-MCC, melalui proses kimia dan mekanikal menggunakan pengoksidaan 4-acetamido-TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO dengan bantuan ultrasonik. Imej-imej TEM menunjukkan morfologi b...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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2015
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| Online Access: | http://eprints.usm.my/32000/ http://eprints.usm.my/32000/1/Rohaizu_Roslan.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848876704295026688 |
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| author | Roslan , Rohaizu |
| author_facet | Roslan , Rohaizu |
| author_sort | Roslan , Rohaizu |
| building | USM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Selulosa nanokristal daripada tandan buah kelapas sawit kosong (OPEFB-NCC) telah berjaya diasingkan, dengan hasil sebanyak 67% daripada OPEFB-MCC, melalui proses kimia dan mekanikal menggunakan pengoksidaan 4-acetamido-TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO dengan bantuan ultrasonik. Imej-imej TEM menunjukkan morfologi bagi OPEFB-NCC-MCC adalah kristal selulosa yang lurus dengan panjang 122 ± 45 nm, dan lebar seragam 4 ± 2 nm. Analisis FTIR dan 13C-NMR/MAS keadaan pepejal mencadangkan pengoksidaan berlaku di kumpulan hidroksil primer (C6) rantai selulosa dan OPEFB-NCC yang terhasil kebanyakannya terdiri daripada selulosa kristal jenis I. XRD dan 13C-NMR/MAS menunjukkan bahawa NCC mempunyai indeks kristal yang lebih rendah barbanding bahan permulaan. Analisis terma menunjukkan OPEFB-NCC terurai pada suhu rendah berbanding OPEFB-MCC, tetapi menghasilkan kadar arang yang tinggi iaitu 46% berbanding 7% bagi OPEFB-MCC.
Oil palm empty fruit bunch nanocrystalline cellulose (OPEFB-NCC) has been successfully isolated, with yields of 67%, from OPEFB-MCC via a chemical and mechanical process using 4-acetamido-TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO oxidation and ultrasonic treatment. TEM images indicate the morphology of OPEFB-NCC as straight crystals of cellulose with lengths 122 ± 45 nm, and uniform widths of 4 ± 2 nm. FTIR and 13C-NMR/MAS solid state analysis suggests that oxidation occurred at the site of the primary (C6) hydroxyl groups on the cellulose chain and that OPEFB-NCC consists primarily of crystalline cellulose I. XRD and 13C-NMR/MAS indicated that OPEFB-NCC had a lower crystallinity index than the OPEFB-MCC starting material. Thermal analysis revealed that OPEFB-NCC degraded at lower temperature than OPEFB-MCC, but had a much higher char content of 46% to the 7% of OPEFB-MCC. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T17:03:47Z |
| format | Thesis |
| id | usm-32000 |
| institution | Universiti Sains Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T17:03:47Z |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | usm-320002019-04-12T05:25:38Z http://eprints.usm.my/32000/ Isolation And Characterization Tempo Oxidized Nanocrystalline Cellulose From Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Roslan , Rohaizu T1-995 Technology(General) Selulosa nanokristal daripada tandan buah kelapas sawit kosong (OPEFB-NCC) telah berjaya diasingkan, dengan hasil sebanyak 67% daripada OPEFB-MCC, melalui proses kimia dan mekanikal menggunakan pengoksidaan 4-acetamido-TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO dengan bantuan ultrasonik. Imej-imej TEM menunjukkan morfologi bagi OPEFB-NCC-MCC adalah kristal selulosa yang lurus dengan panjang 122 ± 45 nm, dan lebar seragam 4 ± 2 nm. Analisis FTIR dan 13C-NMR/MAS keadaan pepejal mencadangkan pengoksidaan berlaku di kumpulan hidroksil primer (C6) rantai selulosa dan OPEFB-NCC yang terhasil kebanyakannya terdiri daripada selulosa kristal jenis I. XRD dan 13C-NMR/MAS menunjukkan bahawa NCC mempunyai indeks kristal yang lebih rendah barbanding bahan permulaan. Analisis terma menunjukkan OPEFB-NCC terurai pada suhu rendah berbanding OPEFB-MCC, tetapi menghasilkan kadar arang yang tinggi iaitu 46% berbanding 7% bagi OPEFB-MCC. Oil palm empty fruit bunch nanocrystalline cellulose (OPEFB-NCC) has been successfully isolated, with yields of 67%, from OPEFB-MCC via a chemical and mechanical process using 4-acetamido-TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO oxidation and ultrasonic treatment. TEM images indicate the morphology of OPEFB-NCC as straight crystals of cellulose with lengths 122 ± 45 nm, and uniform widths of 4 ± 2 nm. FTIR and 13C-NMR/MAS solid state analysis suggests that oxidation occurred at the site of the primary (C6) hydroxyl groups on the cellulose chain and that OPEFB-NCC consists primarily of crystalline cellulose I. XRD and 13C-NMR/MAS indicated that OPEFB-NCC had a lower crystallinity index than the OPEFB-MCC starting material. Thermal analysis revealed that OPEFB-NCC degraded at lower temperature than OPEFB-MCC, but had a much higher char content of 46% to the 7% of OPEFB-MCC. 2015-09 Thesis NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://eprints.usm.my/32000/1/Rohaizu_Roslan.pdf Roslan , Rohaizu (2015) Isolation And Characterization Tempo Oxidized Nanocrystalline Cellulose From Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch. PhD thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia. |
| spellingShingle | T1-995 Technology(General) Roslan , Rohaizu Isolation And Characterization Tempo Oxidized Nanocrystalline Cellulose From Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch |
| title | Isolation And Characterization Tempo Oxidized Nanocrystalline Cellulose From Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch |
| title_full | Isolation And Characterization Tempo Oxidized Nanocrystalline Cellulose From Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch |
| title_fullStr | Isolation And Characterization Tempo Oxidized Nanocrystalline Cellulose From Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch |
| title_full_unstemmed | Isolation And Characterization Tempo Oxidized Nanocrystalline Cellulose From Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch |
| title_short | Isolation And Characterization Tempo Oxidized Nanocrystalline Cellulose From Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch |
| title_sort | isolation and characterization tempo oxidized nanocrystalline cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunch |
| topic | T1-995 Technology(General) |
| url | http://eprints.usm.my/32000/ http://eprints.usm.my/32000/1/Rohaizu_Roslan.pdf |