Flammability, tensile and morphological properties of oil palm empty fruit bunches fibre/ pet yarn reinforced epoxy fibre retardant hybrid polymer composites
Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) fiber is a natural fiber that possesses many advantages, such as biodegradability, eco-friendly, and renewable nature. The effect of the OPEFB fiber loading reinforced fire retardant epoxy composites on flammability and tensile properties of the polymer biocompos...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2021
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97355/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97355/1/ABSTRACT.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848862578651955200 |
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| author | M. J., Suraini Mohd Radzi, Fathin Sakinah R. A., Ilyas Petrů, Michal Salit, Mohd Sapuan C. M., Ruzaidi |
| author_facet | M. J., Suraini Mohd Radzi, Fathin Sakinah R. A., Ilyas Petrů, Michal Salit, Mohd Sapuan C. M., Ruzaidi |
| author_sort | M. J., Suraini |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) fiber is a natural fiber that possesses many advantages, such as biodegradability, eco-friendly, and renewable nature. The effect of the OPEFB fiber loading reinforced fire retardant epoxy composites on flammability and tensile properties of the polymer biocomposites were investigated. The tests were carried out with four parameters, which were specimen A (constant), specimen B (20% of fiber), specimen C (35% of fiber), and specimen D (50% of fiber). The PET yarn and magnesium hydroxide were used as the reinforcement material and fire retardant agent, respectively. The results were obtained from several tests, which were the horizontal burning test, tensile test, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The result for the burning test showed that specimen B exhibited better flammability properties, which had the lowest average burning rate (11.47 mm/min). From the tensile strength, specimen A revealed the highest value of 10.79 N/mm2. For the SEM morphological test, increasing defects on the surface ruptured were observed that resulted in decreased tensile properties of the composites. It can be summarized that the flammability and tensile properties of OPEFB fiber reinforced fire retardant epoxy composites were reduced when the fiber volume contents were increased at the optimal loading of 20%, with the values of 11.47 mm/min and 4.29 KPa, respectively. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:19:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-97355 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:19:15Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-973552022-08-26T09:00:19Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97355/ Flammability, tensile and morphological properties of oil palm empty fruit bunches fibre/ pet yarn reinforced epoxy fibre retardant hybrid polymer composites M. J., Suraini Mohd Radzi, Fathin Sakinah R. A., Ilyas Petrů, Michal Salit, Mohd Sapuan C. M., Ruzaidi Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) fiber is a natural fiber that possesses many advantages, such as biodegradability, eco-friendly, and renewable nature. The effect of the OPEFB fiber loading reinforced fire retardant epoxy composites on flammability and tensile properties of the polymer biocomposites were investigated. The tests were carried out with four parameters, which were specimen A (constant), specimen B (20% of fiber), specimen C (35% of fiber), and specimen D (50% of fiber). The PET yarn and magnesium hydroxide were used as the reinforcement material and fire retardant agent, respectively. The results were obtained from several tests, which were the horizontal burning test, tensile test, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The result for the burning test showed that specimen B exhibited better flammability properties, which had the lowest average burning rate (11.47 mm/min). From the tensile strength, specimen A revealed the highest value of 10.79 N/mm2. For the SEM morphological test, increasing defects on the surface ruptured were observed that resulted in decreased tensile properties of the composites. It can be summarized that the flammability and tensile properties of OPEFB fiber reinforced fire retardant epoxy composites were reduced when the fiber volume contents were increased at the optimal loading of 20%, with the values of 11.47 mm/min and 4.29 KPa, respectively. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2021 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97355/1/ABSTRACT.pdf M. J., Suraini and Mohd Radzi, Fathin Sakinah and R. A., Ilyas and Petrů, Michal and Salit, Mohd Sapuan and C. M., Ruzaidi (2021) Flammability, tensile and morphological properties of oil palm empty fruit bunches fibre/ pet yarn reinforced epoxy fibre retardant hybrid polymer composites. Polymers, 13 (8). art. no. 1282. pp. 1-18. ISSN 2073-4360 https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/8/1282 10.3390/polym13081282 |
| spellingShingle | M. J., Suraini Mohd Radzi, Fathin Sakinah R. A., Ilyas Petrů, Michal Salit, Mohd Sapuan C. M., Ruzaidi Flammability, tensile and morphological properties of oil palm empty fruit bunches fibre/ pet yarn reinforced epoxy fibre retardant hybrid polymer composites |
| title | Flammability, tensile and morphological properties of oil palm empty fruit bunches fibre/ pet yarn reinforced epoxy fibre retardant hybrid polymer composites |
| title_full | Flammability, tensile and morphological properties of oil palm empty fruit bunches fibre/ pet yarn reinforced epoxy fibre retardant hybrid polymer composites |
| title_fullStr | Flammability, tensile and morphological properties of oil palm empty fruit bunches fibre/ pet yarn reinforced epoxy fibre retardant hybrid polymer composites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Flammability, tensile and morphological properties of oil palm empty fruit bunches fibre/ pet yarn reinforced epoxy fibre retardant hybrid polymer composites |
| title_short | Flammability, tensile and morphological properties of oil palm empty fruit bunches fibre/ pet yarn reinforced epoxy fibre retardant hybrid polymer composites |
| title_sort | flammability, tensile and morphological properties of oil palm empty fruit bunches fibre/ pet yarn reinforced epoxy fibre retardant hybrid polymer composites |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97355/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97355/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97355/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97355/1/ABSTRACT.pdf |