EZ-SEP: extended Z-SEP routing protocol with hierarchical clustering approach for wireless heterogeneous sensor network
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are networks of thousands of nodes installed in a defined physical environment to sense and monitor its state condition. The viability of such a network is directly dependent and limited by the power of batteries supplying the nodes of these networks, which represents...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2021
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97248/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97248/1/ABSTRACT.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848862553078235136 |
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| author | Nurlan, Zhanserik Zhukabayeva, Tamara Othman, Mohamed |
| author_facet | Nurlan, Zhanserik Zhukabayeva, Tamara Othman, Mohamed |
| author_sort | Nurlan, Zhanserik |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are networks of thousands of nodes installed in a defined physical environment to sense and monitor its state condition. The viability of such a network is directly dependent and limited by the power of batteries supplying the nodes of these networks, which represents a disadvantage of such a network. To improve and extend the life of WSNs, scientists around the world regularly develop various routing protocols that minimize and optimize the energy consumption of sensor network nodes. This article, introduces a new heterogeneous-aware routing protocol well known as Extended Z-SEP Routing Protocol with Hierarchical Clustering Approach for Wireless Heterogeneous Sensor Network or EZ-SEP, where the connection of nodes to a base station (BS) is done via a hybrid method, i.e., a certain amount of nodes communicate with the base station directly, while the remaining ones form a cluster to transfer data. Parameters of the field are unknown, and the field is partitioned into zones depending on the node energy. We reviewed the Z-SEP protocol concerning the election of the cluster head (CH) and its communication with BS and presented a novel extended mechanism for the selection of the CH based on remaining residual energy. In addition, EZ-SEP is weighted up using various estimation schemes such as base station repositioning, altering the field density, and variable nodes energy for comparison with the previous parent algorithm. EZ-SEP was executed and compared to routing protocols such as Z-SEP, SEP, and LEACH. The proposed algorithm performed using the MATLAB R2016b simulator. Simulation results show that our proposed extended version performs better than Z-SEP in the stability period due to an increase in the number of active nodes by 48%, in efficiency of network by the high packet delivery coefficient by 16% and optimizes the average power consumption compared to by 34. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:18:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-97248 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:18:50Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-972482022-09-13T03:45:10Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97248/ EZ-SEP: extended Z-SEP routing protocol with hierarchical clustering approach for wireless heterogeneous sensor network Nurlan, Zhanserik Zhukabayeva, Tamara Othman, Mohamed Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are networks of thousands of nodes installed in a defined physical environment to sense and monitor its state condition. The viability of such a network is directly dependent and limited by the power of batteries supplying the nodes of these networks, which represents a disadvantage of such a network. To improve and extend the life of WSNs, scientists around the world regularly develop various routing protocols that minimize and optimize the energy consumption of sensor network nodes. This article, introduces a new heterogeneous-aware routing protocol well known as Extended Z-SEP Routing Protocol with Hierarchical Clustering Approach for Wireless Heterogeneous Sensor Network or EZ-SEP, where the connection of nodes to a base station (BS) is done via a hybrid method, i.e., a certain amount of nodes communicate with the base station directly, while the remaining ones form a cluster to transfer data. Parameters of the field are unknown, and the field is partitioned into zones depending on the node energy. We reviewed the Z-SEP protocol concerning the election of the cluster head (CH) and its communication with BS and presented a novel extended mechanism for the selection of the CH based on remaining residual energy. In addition, EZ-SEP is weighted up using various estimation schemes such as base station repositioning, altering the field density, and variable nodes energy for comparison with the previous parent algorithm. EZ-SEP was executed and compared to routing protocols such as Z-SEP, SEP, and LEACH. The proposed algorithm performed using the MATLAB R2016b simulator. Simulation results show that our proposed extended version performs better than Z-SEP in the stability period due to an increase in the number of active nodes by 48%, in efficiency of network by the high packet delivery coefficient by 16% and optimizes the average power consumption compared to by 34. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2021 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97248/1/ABSTRACT.pdf Nurlan, Zhanserik and Zhukabayeva, Tamara and Othman, Mohamed (2021) EZ-SEP: extended Z-SEP routing protocol with hierarchical clustering approach for wireless heterogeneous sensor network. Sensors, 21 (4). pp. 1-18. ISSN 1424-8220 https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1021 10.3390/s21041021 |
| spellingShingle | Nurlan, Zhanserik Zhukabayeva, Tamara Othman, Mohamed EZ-SEP: extended Z-SEP routing protocol with hierarchical clustering approach for wireless heterogeneous sensor network |
| title | EZ-SEP: extended Z-SEP routing protocol with hierarchical clustering approach for wireless heterogeneous sensor network |
| title_full | EZ-SEP: extended Z-SEP routing protocol with hierarchical clustering approach for wireless heterogeneous sensor network |
| title_fullStr | EZ-SEP: extended Z-SEP routing protocol with hierarchical clustering approach for wireless heterogeneous sensor network |
| title_full_unstemmed | EZ-SEP: extended Z-SEP routing protocol with hierarchical clustering approach for wireless heterogeneous sensor network |
| title_short | EZ-SEP: extended Z-SEP routing protocol with hierarchical clustering approach for wireless heterogeneous sensor network |
| title_sort | ez-sep: extended z-sep routing protocol with hierarchical clustering approach for wireless heterogeneous sensor network |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97248/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97248/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97248/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97248/1/ABSTRACT.pdf |