Estimated effective lifetime risks of radiation-induced thyroid cancer in Computed Tomography (CT) brain examination
Thyroid is one of the most radiosensitive organs in the human body. Although the scanning range of brain computed tomography (CT) does not include lower neck region, there is possibility for thyroid to be irradiated due to scattered radiation because of its location near to the external beam collima...
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Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
2021
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97134/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97134/1/ABSTRACT.pdf |
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| author | Ganesan, Rekha Mohd Hilal, Muhammad Ikhmal Naim Che Isa, Iza Nurzawani Norsuddin, Norhashimah Mohd Nassir, Khadijah Said Rahmat, Said Mohd Shaffiq Abd Karim, Muhammad Khalis |
| author_facet | Ganesan, Rekha Mohd Hilal, Muhammad Ikhmal Naim Che Isa, Iza Nurzawani Norsuddin, Norhashimah Mohd Nassir, Khadijah Said Rahmat, Said Mohd Shaffiq Abd Karim, Muhammad Khalis |
| author_sort | Ganesan, Rekha |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Thyroid is one of the most radiosensitive organs in the human body. Although the scanning range of brain computed tomography (CT) does not include lower neck region, there is possibility for thyroid to be irradiated due to scattered radiation because of its location near to the external beam collimation. The objective of this study was to evaluate effective lifetime risk of radiation-induced thyroid cancer in young adults following brain CT examination. A total of 306 patient data within the age range between 18 and 39 years old were retrospectively analysed. Absorbed dose of the thyroid organ was obtained through the input of data using WAZA- ARI v2. Effective lifetime risk was calculated by multiplying equivalent dose of the thyroid organ with the lifetime attributable cancer risk adapted from Biological Effects in Ionising Radiation (BEIR) Report V11. The effective lifetime risks were recorded as 0.45 ± 0.70 per 100 000 and 0.93 ± 1.52 per 100 000 for single and multiple exposures, respectively. In terms of gender, woman data (0.99 ± 0.76; 1.95 ± 2.15) were found higher as compared to man data (0.13 ± 0.39; 0.35 ± 0.45) for both single and multiple exposure. The percentage difference of effective lifetime risks between single and multiple exposures was up to 107%. The effective lifetime risk noted in this study may be low, however, the long-term risk of cancer development should be considered. This study serves as preliminary reference when revising clinical protocol especially in those involving repeated exposures in young adult patients. Future study should include other radiosensitive organs exploring the effective lifetime risk of radiation induced cancer following CT procedure. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:18:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-97134 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:18:23Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-971342022-09-13T08:54:34Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97134/ Estimated effective lifetime risks of radiation-induced thyroid cancer in Computed Tomography (CT) brain examination Ganesan, Rekha Mohd Hilal, Muhammad Ikhmal Naim Che Isa, Iza Nurzawani Norsuddin, Norhashimah Mohd Nassir, Khadijah Said Rahmat, Said Mohd Shaffiq Abd Karim, Muhammad Khalis Thyroid is one of the most radiosensitive organs in the human body. Although the scanning range of brain computed tomography (CT) does not include lower neck region, there is possibility for thyroid to be irradiated due to scattered radiation because of its location near to the external beam collimation. The objective of this study was to evaluate effective lifetime risk of radiation-induced thyroid cancer in young adults following brain CT examination. A total of 306 patient data within the age range between 18 and 39 years old were retrospectively analysed. Absorbed dose of the thyroid organ was obtained through the input of data using WAZA- ARI v2. Effective lifetime risk was calculated by multiplying equivalent dose of the thyroid organ with the lifetime attributable cancer risk adapted from Biological Effects in Ionising Radiation (BEIR) Report V11. The effective lifetime risks were recorded as 0.45 ± 0.70 per 100 000 and 0.93 ± 1.52 per 100 000 for single and multiple exposures, respectively. In terms of gender, woman data (0.99 ± 0.76; 1.95 ± 2.15) were found higher as compared to man data (0.13 ± 0.39; 0.35 ± 0.45) for both single and multiple exposure. The percentage difference of effective lifetime risks between single and multiple exposures was up to 107%. The effective lifetime risk noted in this study may be low, however, the long-term risk of cancer development should be considered. This study serves as preliminary reference when revising clinical protocol especially in those involving repeated exposures in young adult patients. Future study should include other radiosensitive organs exploring the effective lifetime risk of radiation induced cancer following CT procedure. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2021 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97134/1/ABSTRACT.pdf Ganesan, Rekha and Mohd Hilal, Muhammad Ikhmal Naim and Che Isa, Iza Nurzawani and Norsuddin, Norhashimah and Mohd Nassir, Khadijah and Said Rahmat, Said Mohd Shaffiq and Abd Karim, Muhammad Khalis (2021) Estimated effective lifetime risks of radiation-induced thyroid cancer in Computed Tomography (CT) brain examination. Sains Malaysiana, 50 (11). pp. 3365-3372. ISSN 0126-6039 https://www.ukm.my/jsm/english_journals/vol50num11_2021/vol50num11_2021pg3365-3372.html 10.17576/jsm-2021-5011-20 |
| spellingShingle | Ganesan, Rekha Mohd Hilal, Muhammad Ikhmal Naim Che Isa, Iza Nurzawani Norsuddin, Norhashimah Mohd Nassir, Khadijah Said Rahmat, Said Mohd Shaffiq Abd Karim, Muhammad Khalis Estimated effective lifetime risks of radiation-induced thyroid cancer in Computed Tomography (CT) brain examination |
| title | Estimated effective lifetime risks of radiation-induced thyroid cancer in Computed Tomography (CT) brain examination |
| title_full | Estimated effective lifetime risks of radiation-induced thyroid cancer in Computed Tomography (CT) brain examination |
| title_fullStr | Estimated effective lifetime risks of radiation-induced thyroid cancer in Computed Tomography (CT) brain examination |
| title_full_unstemmed | Estimated effective lifetime risks of radiation-induced thyroid cancer in Computed Tomography (CT) brain examination |
| title_short | Estimated effective lifetime risks of radiation-induced thyroid cancer in Computed Tomography (CT) brain examination |
| title_sort | estimated effective lifetime risks of radiation-induced thyroid cancer in computed tomography (ct) brain examination |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97134/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97134/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97134/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97134/1/ABSTRACT.pdf |