Effect of feeding fermented and non-fermented palm kernel cake on the performance of broiler chickens: a review
Palm kernel cake (PKC) is a by-product of oil extraction from palm fruits and has been included in poultry diets as an alternative to soybean meal and yellow corn. Due to its high content of fibre, coarse texture and gritty appearance, the use of PKC in poultry nutrition is limited. In order to incr...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor and Francis
2021
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96886/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96886/1/ABSTRACT.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848862468186570752 |
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| author | Alshelmani, Mohamed Idris Kaka, Ubedullah Abdalla, Ahmed N. Humam, Ali Merzza Zamani, Hassan Usman |
| author_facet | Alshelmani, Mohamed Idris Kaka, Ubedullah Abdalla, Ahmed N. Humam, Ali Merzza Zamani, Hassan Usman |
| author_sort | Alshelmani, Mohamed Idris |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Palm kernel cake (PKC) is a by-product of oil extraction from palm fruits and has been included in poultry diets as an alternative to soybean meal and yellow corn. Due to its high content of fibre, coarse texture and gritty appearance, the use of PKC in poultry nutrition is limited. In order to increase the nutritive value of PKC, there is a tendency nowadays to create solid state fermentation (SSF) by using cellulolytic microbes. This paper reviews the impact of feeding fermented and non-fermented PKC on the performance of broiler chickens. Recent studies have reported that SSF by cellulolytic microorganisms improved the nutritive value of PKC. The nutrient digestibility has been increased significantly in PKC fermented using Paenibacillus polymyxya ATCC 842 or Weisella confusa SR-17b. The availability of valine, histidine, methionine and arginine was 70.42%, 71.50%, 71.92% and 81.15%, respectively, in PKC fermented using P. polymyxa ATCC 842. The digestibility of crude protein (CP) increased by 61.83% and 59.90% in PKC fermented using P. polymyxya ATCC 842 or W. confusa SR-17b, respectively. In addition, body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved significantly in broilers fed 15% fermented PKC compared to those fed 15% non-fermented PKC (2000.43 g versus 1823.23 g and 1.75 versus 1.91, respectively). The intestinal Enterobacteriaceae decreased (4.03 CFU/g) and lactic acid bacteria increased (5.56 CFU/g) in birds fed 15% PKC fermented by P. polymyxa ATCC 842. Therefore, fermented PKC can be included in a broiler diet up to 15%, replacing part of soybean and yellow corn in the diet, leading to a decrease in the overall cost of poultry feeding. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:17:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-96886 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:17:30Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | Taylor and Francis |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-968862022-11-30T06:15:00Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96886/ Effect of feeding fermented and non-fermented palm kernel cake on the performance of broiler chickens: a review Alshelmani, Mohamed Idris Kaka, Ubedullah Abdalla, Ahmed N. Humam, Ali Merzza Zamani, Hassan Usman Palm kernel cake (PKC) is a by-product of oil extraction from palm fruits and has been included in poultry diets as an alternative to soybean meal and yellow corn. Due to its high content of fibre, coarse texture and gritty appearance, the use of PKC in poultry nutrition is limited. In order to increase the nutritive value of PKC, there is a tendency nowadays to create solid state fermentation (SSF) by using cellulolytic microbes. This paper reviews the impact of feeding fermented and non-fermented PKC on the performance of broiler chickens. Recent studies have reported that SSF by cellulolytic microorganisms improved the nutritive value of PKC. The nutrient digestibility has been increased significantly in PKC fermented using Paenibacillus polymyxya ATCC 842 or Weisella confusa SR-17b. The availability of valine, histidine, methionine and arginine was 70.42%, 71.50%, 71.92% and 81.15%, respectively, in PKC fermented using P. polymyxa ATCC 842. The digestibility of crude protein (CP) increased by 61.83% and 59.90% in PKC fermented using P. polymyxya ATCC 842 or W. confusa SR-17b, respectively. In addition, body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved significantly in broilers fed 15% fermented PKC compared to those fed 15% non-fermented PKC (2000.43 g versus 1823.23 g and 1.75 versus 1.91, respectively). The intestinal Enterobacteriaceae decreased (4.03 CFU/g) and lactic acid bacteria increased (5.56 CFU/g) in birds fed 15% PKC fermented by P. polymyxa ATCC 842. Therefore, fermented PKC can be included in a broiler diet up to 15%, replacing part of soybean and yellow corn in the diet, leading to a decrease in the overall cost of poultry feeding. Taylor and Francis 2021 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96886/1/ABSTRACT.pdf Alshelmani, Mohamed Idris and Kaka, Ubedullah and Abdalla, Ahmed N. and Humam, Ali Merzza and Zamani, Hassan Usman (2021) Effect of feeding fermented and non-fermented palm kernel cake on the performance of broiler chickens: a review. World's Poultry Science Journal, 77 (2). 377 - 388. ISSN 0043-9339; ESSN: 1743-4777 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00439339.2021.1910472 10.1080/00439339.2021.1910472 |
| spellingShingle | Alshelmani, Mohamed Idris Kaka, Ubedullah Abdalla, Ahmed N. Humam, Ali Merzza Zamani, Hassan Usman Effect of feeding fermented and non-fermented palm kernel cake on the performance of broiler chickens: a review |
| title | Effect of feeding fermented and non-fermented palm kernel cake on the performance of broiler chickens: a review |
| title_full | Effect of feeding fermented and non-fermented palm kernel cake on the performance of broiler chickens: a review |
| title_fullStr | Effect of feeding fermented and non-fermented palm kernel cake on the performance of broiler chickens: a review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of feeding fermented and non-fermented palm kernel cake on the performance of broiler chickens: a review |
| title_short | Effect of feeding fermented and non-fermented palm kernel cake on the performance of broiler chickens: a review |
| title_sort | effect of feeding fermented and non-fermented palm kernel cake on the performance of broiler chickens: a review |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96886/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96886/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96886/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96886/1/ABSTRACT.pdf |