Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction DLLME and LC-MS/MS analysis for multi-mycotoxin in rice bran: method development, optimisation and validation
Rice bran, a by-product of the rice milling process, has emerged as a functional food and being used in formulation of healthy food and drinks. However, rice bran is often contaminated with numerous mycotoxins. In this study, a method to simultaneous detection of aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AF...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2021
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96758/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96758/1/ABSTRACT.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848862437939347456 |
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| author | Akmal Salim, Sofiyatul Sukor, Rashidah Ismail, Mohd Nazri Selamat, Jinap |
| author_facet | Akmal Salim, Sofiyatul Sukor, Rashidah Ismail, Mohd Nazri Selamat, Jinap |
| author_sort | Akmal Salim, Sofiyatul |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Rice bran, a by-product of the rice milling process, has emerged as a functional food and being used in formulation of healthy food and drinks. However, rice bran is often contaminated with numerous mycotoxins. In this study, a method to simultaneous detection of aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2), ochratoxin A (OTA), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisins (FB1 and FB2), sterigmatocystin (STG), T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) and zearalenone (ZEA) in rice bran was developed, optimized and validated using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In DLLME, using a solvent mixture of methanol/water (80:20, v/v) as the dispersive solvent and chloroform as the extraction solvent with the addition of 5% salt improved the extraction recoveries (63–120%). The developed method was further optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM) combined with Box–Behnken Design (BBD). Under the optimized experimental conditions, good linearity was obtained with a correlation coefficient (r2) ≥ 0.990 and a limit of detection (LOD) between 0.5 to 50 ng g−1. The recoveries ranged from 70.2% to 99.4% with an RSD below 1.28%. The proposed method was successfully applied to analyze multi-mycotoxin in 24 rice bran samples. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:17:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-96758 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:17:01Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-967582022-12-01T04:35:49Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96758/ Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction DLLME and LC-MS/MS analysis for multi-mycotoxin in rice bran: method development, optimisation and validation Akmal Salim, Sofiyatul Sukor, Rashidah Ismail, Mohd Nazri Selamat, Jinap Rice bran, a by-product of the rice milling process, has emerged as a functional food and being used in formulation of healthy food and drinks. However, rice bran is often contaminated with numerous mycotoxins. In this study, a method to simultaneous detection of aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2), ochratoxin A (OTA), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisins (FB1 and FB2), sterigmatocystin (STG), T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) and zearalenone (ZEA) in rice bran was developed, optimized and validated using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In DLLME, using a solvent mixture of methanol/water (80:20, v/v) as the dispersive solvent and chloroform as the extraction solvent with the addition of 5% salt improved the extraction recoveries (63–120%). The developed method was further optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM) combined with Box–Behnken Design (BBD). Under the optimized experimental conditions, good linearity was obtained with a correlation coefficient (r2) ≥ 0.990 and a limit of detection (LOD) between 0.5 to 50 ng g−1. The recoveries ranged from 70.2% to 99.4% with an RSD below 1.28%. The proposed method was successfully applied to analyze multi-mycotoxin in 24 rice bran samples. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2021 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96758/1/ABSTRACT.pdf Akmal Salim, Sofiyatul and Sukor, Rashidah and Ismail, Mohd Nazri and Selamat, Jinap (2021) Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction DLLME and LC-MS/MS analysis for multi-mycotoxin in rice bran: method development, optimisation and validation. Toxins, 13 (4). pp. 1-21. ISSN 2072-6651 https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/4/280 10.3390/toxins13040280 |
| spellingShingle | Akmal Salim, Sofiyatul Sukor, Rashidah Ismail, Mohd Nazri Selamat, Jinap Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction DLLME and LC-MS/MS analysis for multi-mycotoxin in rice bran: method development, optimisation and validation |
| title | Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction DLLME and LC-MS/MS analysis for multi-mycotoxin in rice bran: method development, optimisation and validation |
| title_full | Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction DLLME and LC-MS/MS analysis for multi-mycotoxin in rice bran: method development, optimisation and validation |
| title_fullStr | Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction DLLME and LC-MS/MS analysis for multi-mycotoxin in rice bran: method development, optimisation and validation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction DLLME and LC-MS/MS analysis for multi-mycotoxin in rice bran: method development, optimisation and validation |
| title_short | Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction DLLME and LC-MS/MS analysis for multi-mycotoxin in rice bran: method development, optimisation and validation |
| title_sort | dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction dllme and lc-ms/ms analysis for multi-mycotoxin in rice bran: method development, optimisation and validation |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96758/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96758/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96758/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96758/1/ABSTRACT.pdf |