Correlation between levels of vitamins D3 and E in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case-control study in Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
An overview of vitamins D3 and E suggests micronutrient deficiency contributes to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A case-control study was conducted to determine the status of plasma vitamins D3 and E isomers amongst diabetic Malaysians. Two groups were recruited for participation, one comprising f...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2021
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96545/ |
| _version_ | 1848862392087216128 |
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| author | Md Razip, Nurliyana Najwa Gopalsamy, Banulata Abdul Mutalib, Mohd Sokhini Sui, Kiat Chang Abdullah, Muhammad Mikhail Joseph Anthony Azlan, Azrina Rejali, Zulida Khaza’ai, Huzwah |
| author_facet | Md Razip, Nurliyana Najwa Gopalsamy, Banulata Abdul Mutalib, Mohd Sokhini Sui, Kiat Chang Abdullah, Muhammad Mikhail Joseph Anthony Azlan, Azrina Rejali, Zulida Khaza’ai, Huzwah |
| author_sort | Md Razip, Nurliyana Najwa |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | An overview of vitamins D3 and E suggests micronutrient deficiency contributes to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A case-control study was conducted to determine the status of plasma vitamins D3 and E isomers amongst diabetic Malaysians. Two groups were recruited for participation, one comprising fifty diabetic subjects (DM) and one comprising fifty non-diabetic (non-DM) subjects, in order to assess their plasma vitamin D3, calcium and vitamin E status. Glycaemic status (haemoglobin A1c, HbA1c; fasting blood glucose, FBG; C-Peptide) and lipid profiles (total cholesterol, TC; triglycerides, TG; low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, LDL-C; high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, HDL-C) were assessed, followed by anthropometric measurements. The Mann–Whitney U-test, Kruskal–Wallis and Spearman’s correlation coefficient were used to elucidate the association between levels of plasma vitamins D3 and E and T2DM. The vitamin D3 deficiency group (<20 ng/mL) showed a significant correlation (p < 0.05) with glycaemic status (HbA1c and FBG) and lipid profiles (HDL-C, LDL and TC). Spearman’s correlation demonstrated that vitamin D3 status is strongly correlated with HDL levels (p < 0.05). Similarly, plasma total vitamin E levels >4.9 μg/mL revealed significantly different FBG, HbA1c, C-Peptide, LDL, HDL and TC levels across both groups. Moreover, family history, smoking, waist circumference and HbA1c levels demonstrated a significant association (p < 0.05) with levels of vitamins D and E but not FBG and lipid profiles. This could be because the pre-diabetic status among the non-DM group influenced the outcomes of this study. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:16:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-96545 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:16:17Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-965452023-01-11T08:34:58Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96545/ Correlation between levels of vitamins D3 and E in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case-control study in Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Md Razip, Nurliyana Najwa Gopalsamy, Banulata Abdul Mutalib, Mohd Sokhini Sui, Kiat Chang Abdullah, Muhammad Mikhail Joseph Anthony Azlan, Azrina Rejali, Zulida Khaza’ai, Huzwah An overview of vitamins D3 and E suggests micronutrient deficiency contributes to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A case-control study was conducted to determine the status of plasma vitamins D3 and E isomers amongst diabetic Malaysians. Two groups were recruited for participation, one comprising fifty diabetic subjects (DM) and one comprising fifty non-diabetic (non-DM) subjects, in order to assess their plasma vitamin D3, calcium and vitamin E status. Glycaemic status (haemoglobin A1c, HbA1c; fasting blood glucose, FBG; C-Peptide) and lipid profiles (total cholesterol, TC; triglycerides, TG; low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, LDL-C; high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, HDL-C) were assessed, followed by anthropometric measurements. The Mann–Whitney U-test, Kruskal–Wallis and Spearman’s correlation coefficient were used to elucidate the association between levels of plasma vitamins D3 and E and T2DM. The vitamin D3 deficiency group (<20 ng/mL) showed a significant correlation (p < 0.05) with glycaemic status (HbA1c and FBG) and lipid profiles (HDL-C, LDL and TC). Spearman’s correlation demonstrated that vitamin D3 status is strongly correlated with HDL levels (p < 0.05). Similarly, plasma total vitamin E levels >4.9 μg/mL revealed significantly different FBG, HbA1c, C-Peptide, LDL, HDL and TC levels across both groups. Moreover, family history, smoking, waist circumference and HbA1c levels demonstrated a significant association (p < 0.05) with levels of vitamins D and E but not FBG and lipid profiles. This could be because the pre-diabetic status among the non-DM group influenced the outcomes of this study. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2021 Article PeerReviewed Md Razip, Nurliyana Najwa and Gopalsamy, Banulata and Abdul Mutalib, Mohd Sokhini and Sui, Kiat Chang and Abdullah, Muhammad Mikhail Joseph Anthony and Azlan, Azrina and Rejali, Zulida and Khaza’ai, Huzwah (2021) Correlation between levels of vitamins D3 and E in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case-control study in Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Nutrients, 13 (7). pp. 1-17. ISSN 2072-6643 https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/7/2288 10.3390/nu13072288 |
| spellingShingle | Md Razip, Nurliyana Najwa Gopalsamy, Banulata Abdul Mutalib, Mohd Sokhini Sui, Kiat Chang Abdullah, Muhammad Mikhail Joseph Anthony Azlan, Azrina Rejali, Zulida Khaza’ai, Huzwah Correlation between levels of vitamins D3 and E in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case-control study in Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia |
| title | Correlation between levels of vitamins D3 and E in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case-control study in Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia |
| title_full | Correlation between levels of vitamins D3 and E in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case-control study in Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia |
| title_fullStr | Correlation between levels of vitamins D3 and E in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case-control study in Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Correlation between levels of vitamins D3 and E in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case-control study in Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia |
| title_short | Correlation between levels of vitamins D3 and E in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case-control study in Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia |
| title_sort | correlation between levels of vitamins d3 and e in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case-control study in serdang, selangor, malaysia |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96545/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96545/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96545/ |