Color index of transformer oil: a low-cost measurement approach using ultraviolet-blue laser

The color of transformer oil can be one of the first indicators determining the quality of the transformer oil and the condition of the power transformer. The current method of determining the color index (CI) of transformer oil utilizes a color comparator based on the American Society for Testing a...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Hasnul Hadi, Muhamad Haziq, Pin, Jern Ker, Hui, Jing Lee, Yang, Sing Leong, Mahammad A., Hannan, Jamaludin, Md. Zaini, Mahdi, Mohd Adzir
Format: Article
Published: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2021
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96432/
_version_ 1848862363140227072
author Hasnul Hadi, Muhamad Haziq
Pin, Jern Ker
Hui, Jing Lee
Yang, Sing Leong
Mahammad A., Hannan
Jamaludin, Md. Zaini
Mahdi, Mohd Adzir
author_facet Hasnul Hadi, Muhamad Haziq
Pin, Jern Ker
Hui, Jing Lee
Yang, Sing Leong
Mahammad A., Hannan
Jamaludin, Md. Zaini
Mahdi, Mohd Adzir
author_sort Hasnul Hadi, Muhamad Haziq
building UPM Institutional Repository
collection Online Access
description The color of transformer oil can be one of the first indicators determining the quality of the transformer oil and the condition of the power transformer. The current method of determining the color index (CI) of transformer oil utilizes a color comparator based on the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D1500 standard, which requires a human observer, leading to human error and a limited number of samples tested per day. This paper reports on the utilization of ultra violet-blue laser at 405- and 450-nm wavelengths to measure the CI of transformer oil. In total, 20 transformer oil samples with CI ranging from 0.5 to 7.5 were measured at optical pathlengths of 10 and 1 mm. A linear regression model was developed to determine the color index of the transformer oil. The equation was validated and verified by measuring the output power of a new batch of transformer oil samples. Data obtained from the measurements were able to quantify the CI accurately with root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) of 0.2229 for 405 nm and 0.4129 for 450 nm. This approach shows the commercialization potential of a low-cost portable device that can be used on-site for the monitoring of power transformers.
first_indexed 2025-11-15T13:15:50Z
format Article
id upm-96432
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
institution_category Local University
last_indexed 2025-11-15T13:15:50Z
publishDate 2021
publisher Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
recordtype eprints
repository_type Digital Repository
spelling upm-964322023-01-26T02:25:26Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96432/ Color index of transformer oil: a low-cost measurement approach using ultraviolet-blue laser Hasnul Hadi, Muhamad Haziq Pin, Jern Ker Hui, Jing Lee Yang, Sing Leong Mahammad A., Hannan Jamaludin, Md. Zaini Mahdi, Mohd Adzir The color of transformer oil can be one of the first indicators determining the quality of the transformer oil and the condition of the power transformer. The current method of determining the color index (CI) of transformer oil utilizes a color comparator based on the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D1500 standard, which requires a human observer, leading to human error and a limited number of samples tested per day. This paper reports on the utilization of ultra violet-blue laser at 405- and 450-nm wavelengths to measure the CI of transformer oil. In total, 20 transformer oil samples with CI ranging from 0.5 to 7.5 were measured at optical pathlengths of 10 and 1 mm. A linear regression model was developed to determine the color index of the transformer oil. The equation was validated and verified by measuring the output power of a new batch of transformer oil samples. Data obtained from the measurements were able to quantify the CI accurately with root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) of 0.2229 for 405 nm and 0.4129 for 450 nm. This approach shows the commercialization potential of a low-cost portable device that can be used on-site for the monitoring of power transformers. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2021 Article PeerReviewed Hasnul Hadi, Muhamad Haziq and Pin, Jern Ker and Hui, Jing Lee and Yang, Sing Leong and Mahammad A., Hannan and Jamaludin, Md. Zaini and Mahdi, Mohd Adzir (2021) Color index of transformer oil: a low-cost measurement approach using ultraviolet-blue laser. Sensors, 21 (21). pp. 1-12. ISSN 1424-8220 https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7292 10.3390/s21217292
spellingShingle Hasnul Hadi, Muhamad Haziq
Pin, Jern Ker
Hui, Jing Lee
Yang, Sing Leong
Mahammad A., Hannan
Jamaludin, Md. Zaini
Mahdi, Mohd Adzir
Color index of transformer oil: a low-cost measurement approach using ultraviolet-blue laser
title Color index of transformer oil: a low-cost measurement approach using ultraviolet-blue laser
title_full Color index of transformer oil: a low-cost measurement approach using ultraviolet-blue laser
title_fullStr Color index of transformer oil: a low-cost measurement approach using ultraviolet-blue laser
title_full_unstemmed Color index of transformer oil: a low-cost measurement approach using ultraviolet-blue laser
title_short Color index of transformer oil: a low-cost measurement approach using ultraviolet-blue laser
title_sort color index of transformer oil: a low-cost measurement approach using ultraviolet-blue laser
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96432/
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96432/
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96432/