An examination of the efficacy and background of the Covid-19 vaccine: comparative analysis

Significance and Aim: The aim of this review is to instigate the existing literature on the efficacy levels of the administered Covid-19 pandemic vaccines. The review examines how the efficacy levels compare or contrast among the leading vaccines globally. The proposed value of the review is to in...

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Main Authors:	Mahmoud, Al-Masaeed, M., Alghawanmeh, A., Al-Singlawi, R., Alsababha, M., Alqudah, A., Alomari, M., Alshawawreh, Rasdi, Irniza
Format:	Article
Published:	Medwin 2021
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/95848/

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author	Mahmoud, Al-Masaeed M., Alghawanmeh A., Al-Singlawi R., Alsababha M., Alqudah A., Alomari M., Alshawawreh Rasdi, Irniza
author_facet	Mahmoud, Al-Masaeed M., Alghawanmeh A., Al-Singlawi R., Alsababha M., Alqudah A., Alomari M., Alshawawreh Rasdi, Irniza
author_sort	Mahmoud, Al-Masaeed
building	UPM Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
description	Significance and Aim: The aim of this review is to instigate the existing literature on the efficacy levels of the administered Covid-19 pandemic vaccines. The review examines how the efficacy levels compare or contrast among the leading vaccines globally. The proposed value of the review is to indicate if the inoculation of the population has a significant value and impact on reducing exposure and risk of Covid-19 infection and severity of the disease. Methods: The review was developed as an ILR analysis. The search was made from 5 different databases. The findings were Scopus (103), Medline (78), Google Scholar (320), CINAHL (167), and WHO (201). By applying the review inclusion and exclusion criteria, the review settled on 21 articles included in the analysis. The findings were analysed thematically. Results and findings: The findings indicate that the vaccines analysed, the (i) Pfizer, (ii) Astra Zeneca, (iii) Johnson &, (iv) Moderna, can be categorised into two main levels, namely the mRNA vaccines and the carrier/ virus vector vaccines. The findings indicate that all the vaccines have a high efficacy index above the WHO threshold of 50% efficacy minimum. Pfizer has the highest efficacy based on the RCTs done at the manufacturing stage. Conclusion: In summary, the findings indicate the validity and value of vaccines in reducing the healthcare industry burden. The high efficacy levels on reducing the severity and hospitalisation needs allow for a reduced disease burden globally. Sensitisation is required for the global population base. Equally, more RCTs are required to test the efficacy of the existing vaccines against the emerging variants, such as the highly virulent delta variant.
first_indexed	2025-11-15T13:13:47Z
format	Article
id	upm-95848
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
institution_category	Local University
last_indexed	2025-11-15T13:13:47Z
publishDate	2021
publisher	Medwin
recordtype	eprints
repository_type	Digital Repository
spelling	upm-958482023-03-29T03:36:08Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/95848/ An examination of the efficacy and background of the Covid-19 vaccine: comparative analysis Mahmoud, Al-Masaeed M., Alghawanmeh A., Al-Singlawi R., Alsababha M., Alqudah A., Alomari M., Alshawawreh Rasdi, Irniza Significance and Aim: The aim of this review is to instigate the existing literature on the efficacy levels of the administered Covid-19 pandemic vaccines. The review examines how the efficacy levels compare or contrast among the leading vaccines globally. The proposed value of the review is to indicate if the inoculation of the population has a significant value and impact on reducing exposure and risk of Covid-19 infection and severity of the disease. Methods: The review was developed as an ILR analysis. The search was made from 5 different databases. The findings were Scopus (103), Medline (78), Google Scholar (320), CINAHL (167), and WHO (201). By applying the review inclusion and exclusion criteria, the review settled on 21 articles included in the analysis. The findings were analysed thematically. Results and findings: The findings indicate that the vaccines analysed, the (i) Pfizer, (ii) Astra Zeneca, (iii) Johnson &, (iv) Moderna, can be categorised into two main levels, namely the mRNA vaccines and the carrier/ virus vector vaccines. The findings indicate that all the vaccines have a high efficacy index above the WHO threshold of 50% efficacy minimum. Pfizer has the highest efficacy based on the RCTs done at the manufacturing stage. Conclusion: In summary, the findings indicate the validity and value of vaccines in reducing the healthcare industry burden. The high efficacy levels on reducing the severity and hospitalisation needs allow for a reduced disease burden globally. Sensitisation is required for the global population base. Equally, more RCTs are required to test the efficacy of the existing vaccines against the emerging variants, such as the highly virulent delta variant. Medwin 2021 Article PeerReviewed Mahmoud, Al-Masaeed and M., Alghawanmeh and A., Al-Singlawi and R., Alsababha and M., Alqudah and A., Alomari and M., Alshawawreh and Rasdi, Irniza (2021) An examination of the efficacy and background of the Covid-19 vaccine: comparative analysis. Journal of Quality in Healthcare and Economics, 4 (5). pp. 1-6. ISSN 2642-6250 https://medwinpublishers.com/JQHE/ 10.23880/jqhe-16000239
spellingShingle	Mahmoud, Al-Masaeed M., Alghawanmeh A., Al-Singlawi R., Alsababha M., Alqudah A., Alomari M., Alshawawreh Rasdi, Irniza An examination of the efficacy and background of the Covid-19 vaccine: comparative analysis
title	An examination of the efficacy and background of the Covid-19 vaccine: comparative analysis
title_full	An examination of the efficacy and background of the Covid-19 vaccine: comparative analysis
title_fullStr	An examination of the efficacy and background of the Covid-19 vaccine: comparative analysis
title_full_unstemmed	An examination of the efficacy and background of the Covid-19 vaccine: comparative analysis
title_short	An examination of the efficacy and background of the Covid-19 vaccine: comparative analysis
title_sort	examination of the efficacy and background of the covid-19 vaccine: comparative analysis
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/95848/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/95848/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/95848/

An examination of the efficacy and background of the Covid-19 vaccine: comparative analysis

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