Synthesis and characterization of bifunctional magnetic nano-catalyst from rice husk for production of biodiesel
In this work, bifunctional magnetic nano-catalyst was successfully derived from rice husk char doped with potassium oxide and nickel oxide by impregnation techniques, and their catalytic ability was tested via transesterification of used cooking oil (UCO). The catalyst was characterized by thermogra...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
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Elsevier BV
2021
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/95250/ |
| _version_ | 1848862109380640768 |
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| author | Hazmi, Balkis Rashid, Umer Ibrahim, Mohd Lokman Nehdi, Imededdine Arbi Azam, Mohammad Al-Resayes, Saud Ibrahim |
| author_facet | Hazmi, Balkis Rashid, Umer Ibrahim, Mohd Lokman Nehdi, Imededdine Arbi Azam, Mohammad Al-Resayes, Saud Ibrahim |
| author_sort | Hazmi, Balkis |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | In this work, bifunctional magnetic nano-catalyst was successfully derived from rice husk char doped with potassium oxide and nickel oxide by impregnation techniques, and their catalytic ability was tested via transesterification of used cooking oil (UCO). The catalyst was characterized by thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Temperature programmed desorption (TPD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive x-ray analyzer (FESEM-EDX), and Vibrating sampling magnetometer (VSM) for magnetic properties. The optimized nanomagnetic bifunctional catalyst (RHC/K2O-20%/Ni-5%) had 3.014 mmol g-1 & 4.485 mmol g-1 of acidity and basicity, respectively, with the magnetic strength was recorded at 2.312 emu g−1. For the catalytic evaluation, a maximum biodiesel yield of 98.2% was accomplished with 4 wt% of catalyst loading, 12:1 methanol to UCO molar ratio at 65 °C within 2 h of reaction time. The catalyst was reused for up to 5 reaction cycles and producing 70% of biodiesel at the last cycles. The fuel properties of optimized biodiesel were measured using Biodiesel - American Standard Testing Method (ASTM) D6751. Due to the magnetic properties of the catalyst, it was easily recovered by an external magnetic device and has the potential to improve the separation and purification processes. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:11:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-95250 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:11:48Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | Elsevier BV |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-952502023-02-20T01:41:23Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/95250/ Synthesis and characterization of bifunctional magnetic nano-catalyst from rice husk for production of biodiesel Hazmi, Balkis Rashid, Umer Ibrahim, Mohd Lokman Nehdi, Imededdine Arbi Azam, Mohammad Al-Resayes, Saud Ibrahim In this work, bifunctional magnetic nano-catalyst was successfully derived from rice husk char doped with potassium oxide and nickel oxide by impregnation techniques, and their catalytic ability was tested via transesterification of used cooking oil (UCO). The catalyst was characterized by thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Temperature programmed desorption (TPD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive x-ray analyzer (FESEM-EDX), and Vibrating sampling magnetometer (VSM) for magnetic properties. The optimized nanomagnetic bifunctional catalyst (RHC/K2O-20%/Ni-5%) had 3.014 mmol g-1 & 4.485 mmol g-1 of acidity and basicity, respectively, with the magnetic strength was recorded at 2.312 emu g−1. For the catalytic evaluation, a maximum biodiesel yield of 98.2% was accomplished with 4 wt% of catalyst loading, 12:1 methanol to UCO molar ratio at 65 °C within 2 h of reaction time. The catalyst was reused for up to 5 reaction cycles and producing 70% of biodiesel at the last cycles. The fuel properties of optimized biodiesel were measured using Biodiesel - American Standard Testing Method (ASTM) D6751. Due to the magnetic properties of the catalyst, it was easily recovered by an external magnetic device and has the potential to improve the separation and purification processes. Elsevier BV 2021 Article PeerReviewed Hazmi, Balkis and Rashid, Umer and Ibrahim, Mohd Lokman and Nehdi, Imededdine Arbi and Azam, Mohammad and Al-Resayes, Saud Ibrahim (2021) Synthesis and characterization of bifunctional magnetic nano-catalyst from rice husk for production of biodiesel. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 21. pp. 1-15. ISSN 2352-1864 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352186420315960 10.1016/j.eti.2020.101296 |
| spellingShingle | Hazmi, Balkis Rashid, Umer Ibrahim, Mohd Lokman Nehdi, Imededdine Arbi Azam, Mohammad Al-Resayes, Saud Ibrahim Synthesis and characterization of bifunctional magnetic nano-catalyst from rice husk for production of biodiesel |
| title | Synthesis and characterization of bifunctional magnetic nano-catalyst from rice husk for production of biodiesel |
| title_full | Synthesis and characterization of bifunctional magnetic nano-catalyst from rice husk for production of biodiesel |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis and characterization of bifunctional magnetic nano-catalyst from rice husk for production of biodiesel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis and characterization of bifunctional magnetic nano-catalyst from rice husk for production of biodiesel |
| title_short | Synthesis and characterization of bifunctional magnetic nano-catalyst from rice husk for production of biodiesel |
| title_sort | synthesis and characterization of bifunctional magnetic nano-catalyst from rice husk for production of biodiesel |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/95250/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/95250/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/95250/ |