Stabilization and release of palm tocotrienol emulsion fabricated using pH-sensitive calcium carbonate
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) has been utilized as a pH-responsive component in various products. In this present work, palm tocotrienols-rich fraction (TRF) was successfully entrapped in a self-assembled oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion system by using CaCO3 as the stabilizer. The emulsion droplet size, vis...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/95143/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/95143/1/Stabilization%20and%20release%20of%20palm%20tocotrienol%20emulsion%20fabricated%20using%20pH-sensitive%20calcium%20carbonate.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848862082048458752 |
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| author | Phui, Yee Tan Beng, Ti Tey Eng, Seng Chan Lai, Oi Ming Hon, Weng Chang Tai, Boon Tan Liu, Yuanfa Wang, Yong Chin, Ping Tan |
| author_facet | Phui, Yee Tan Beng, Ti Tey Eng, Seng Chan Lai, Oi Ming Hon, Weng Chang Tai, Boon Tan Liu, Yuanfa Wang, Yong Chin, Ping Tan |
| author_sort | Phui, Yee Tan |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) has been utilized as a pH-responsive component in various products. In this present work, palm tocotrienols-rich fraction (TRF) was successfully entrapped in a self-assembled oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion system by using CaCO3 as the stabilizer. The emulsion droplet size, viscosity and tocotrienols entrapment efficiency (EE) were strongly affected by varying the processing (homogenization speed and time) and formulation (CaCO3 and TRF concentrations) parameters. Our findings indicated that the combination of 5000 rpm homogenization speed, 15 min homogenization time, 0.75% CaCO3 concentration and 2% TRF concentration resulted in a high EE of tocotrienols (92.59–99.16%) and small droplet size (18.83 ± 1.36 µm). The resulting emulsion system readily released the entrapped tocotrienols across the pH range tested (pH 1–9); with relatively the highest release observed at pH 3. The current study presents a potential pH-sensitive emulsion system for the entrapment and delivery of palm tocotrienols. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:11:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-95143 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:11:22Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-951432023-01-04T09:04:52Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/95143/ Stabilization and release of palm tocotrienol emulsion fabricated using pH-sensitive calcium carbonate Phui, Yee Tan Beng, Ti Tey Eng, Seng Chan Lai, Oi Ming Hon, Weng Chang Tai, Boon Tan Liu, Yuanfa Wang, Yong Chin, Ping Tan Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) has been utilized as a pH-responsive component in various products. In this present work, palm tocotrienols-rich fraction (TRF) was successfully entrapped in a self-assembled oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion system by using CaCO3 as the stabilizer. The emulsion droplet size, viscosity and tocotrienols entrapment efficiency (EE) were strongly affected by varying the processing (homogenization speed and time) and formulation (CaCO3 and TRF concentrations) parameters. Our findings indicated that the combination of 5000 rpm homogenization speed, 15 min homogenization time, 0.75% CaCO3 concentration and 2% TRF concentration resulted in a high EE of tocotrienols (92.59–99.16%) and small droplet size (18.83 ± 1.36 µm). The resulting emulsion system readily released the entrapped tocotrienols across the pH range tested (pH 1–9); with relatively the highest release observed at pH 3. The current study presents a potential pH-sensitive emulsion system for the entrapment and delivery of palm tocotrienols. MDPI AG 2021 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/95143/1/Stabilization%20and%20release%20of%20palm%20tocotrienol%20emulsion%20fabricated%20using%20pH-sensitive%20calcium%20carbonate.pdf Phui, Yee Tan and Beng, Ti Tey and Eng, Seng Chan and Lai, Oi Ming and Hon, Weng Chang and Tai, Boon Tan and Liu, Yuanfa and Wang, Yong and Chin, Ping Tan (2021) Stabilization and release of palm tocotrienol emulsion fabricated using pH-sensitive calcium carbonate. Foods, 10 (2). art. no. 358. pp. 1-15. ISSN 2304-8158 https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/2/358/htm 10.3390/foods10020358 |
| spellingShingle | Phui, Yee Tan Beng, Ti Tey Eng, Seng Chan Lai, Oi Ming Hon, Weng Chang Tai, Boon Tan Liu, Yuanfa Wang, Yong Chin, Ping Tan Stabilization and release of palm tocotrienol emulsion fabricated using pH-sensitive calcium carbonate |
| title | Stabilization and release of palm tocotrienol emulsion fabricated using pH-sensitive calcium carbonate |
| title_full | Stabilization and release of palm tocotrienol emulsion fabricated using pH-sensitive calcium carbonate |
| title_fullStr | Stabilization and release of palm tocotrienol emulsion fabricated using pH-sensitive calcium carbonate |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stabilization and release of palm tocotrienol emulsion fabricated using pH-sensitive calcium carbonate |
| title_short | Stabilization and release of palm tocotrienol emulsion fabricated using pH-sensitive calcium carbonate |
| title_sort | stabilization and release of palm tocotrienol emulsion fabricated using ph-sensitive calcium carbonate |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/95143/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/95143/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/95143/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/95143/1/Stabilization%20and%20release%20of%20palm%20tocotrienol%20emulsion%20fabricated%20using%20pH-sensitive%20calcium%20carbonate.pdf |