Physical, mechanical, and water vapor barrier properties of starch/cellulose nanofiber/thymol bionanocomposite films
The application of starch films, such as food packaging materials, has been restricted due to poor mechanical and barrier properties. However, the addition of a reinforcing agent, cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and also thymol, into the films, may improve the properties of films. This work investigates...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94583/ |
| _version_ | 1848862037426307072 |
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| author | Othman, Siti Hajar Wane, Bilguisse Mamadou Nordin, Norhazirah Noor Hasnan, Noor Zafira A. Talib, Rosnita Karyadi, Joko Nugroho Wahyu |
| author_facet | Othman, Siti Hajar Wane, Bilguisse Mamadou Nordin, Norhazirah Noor Hasnan, Noor Zafira A. Talib, Rosnita Karyadi, Joko Nugroho Wahyu |
| author_sort | Othman, Siti Hajar |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The application of starch films, such as food packaging materials, has been restricted due to poor mechanical and barrier properties. However, the addition of a reinforcing agent, cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and also thymol, into the films, may improve the properties of films. This work investigates the effects of incorporating different concentrations of thymol (3, 5, 7, and 10 wt.%) on physical, mechanical, water vapor barrier, and antibacterial properties of corn starch films, containing 1.5 wt.% CNF produced using the solvent casting method. The addition of thymol does not significantly affect the color and opacity of the films. It is found that the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the films decreases from 10.6 to 6.3 MPa and from 436.9 to 209.8 MPa, respectively, and the elongation at break increased from 110.6% to 123.5% with the incorporation of 10 wt.% thymol into the films. Furthermore, the addition of thymol at higher concentrations (7 and 10 wt.%) improved the water vapor barrier of the films by approximately 60.0%, from 4.98 × 10—9 to 2.01 × 10—9 g/d.m.Pa. Starch/CNF/thymol bionanocomposite films are also found to exhibit antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. In conclusion, the produced starch/CNF/thymol bionanocomposite films have the potential to be used as antibacterial food packaging materials. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:10:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-94583 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:10:39Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-945832022-12-06T06:50:19Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94583/ Physical, mechanical, and water vapor barrier properties of starch/cellulose nanofiber/thymol bionanocomposite films Othman, Siti Hajar Wane, Bilguisse Mamadou Nordin, Norhazirah Noor Hasnan, Noor Zafira A. Talib, Rosnita Karyadi, Joko Nugroho Wahyu The application of starch films, such as food packaging materials, has been restricted due to poor mechanical and barrier properties. However, the addition of a reinforcing agent, cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and also thymol, into the films, may improve the properties of films. This work investigates the effects of incorporating different concentrations of thymol (3, 5, 7, and 10 wt.%) on physical, mechanical, water vapor barrier, and antibacterial properties of corn starch films, containing 1.5 wt.% CNF produced using the solvent casting method. The addition of thymol does not significantly affect the color and opacity of the films. It is found that the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the films decreases from 10.6 to 6.3 MPa and from 436.9 to 209.8 MPa, respectively, and the elongation at break increased from 110.6% to 123.5% with the incorporation of 10 wt.% thymol into the films. Furthermore, the addition of thymol at higher concentrations (7 and 10 wt.%) improved the water vapor barrier of the films by approximately 60.0%, from 4.98 × 10—9 to 2.01 × 10—9 g/d.m.Pa. Starch/CNF/thymol bionanocomposite films are also found to exhibit antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. In conclusion, the produced starch/CNF/thymol bionanocomposite films have the potential to be used as antibacterial food packaging materials. MDPI AG 2021-11 Article PeerReviewed Othman, Siti Hajar and Wane, Bilguisse Mamadou and Nordin, Norhazirah and Noor Hasnan, Noor Zafira and A. Talib, Rosnita and Karyadi, Joko Nugroho Wahyu (2021) Physical, mechanical, and water vapor barrier properties of starch/cellulose nanofiber/thymol bionanocomposite films. Polymers, 13 (23). art. no. 4060. pp. 1-16. ISSN 2073-4360 https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/23/4060 10.3390/polym13234060 |
| spellingShingle | Othman, Siti Hajar Wane, Bilguisse Mamadou Nordin, Norhazirah Noor Hasnan, Noor Zafira A. Talib, Rosnita Karyadi, Joko Nugroho Wahyu Physical, mechanical, and water vapor barrier properties of starch/cellulose nanofiber/thymol bionanocomposite films |
| title | Physical, mechanical, and water vapor barrier properties of starch/cellulose nanofiber/thymol bionanocomposite films |
| title_full | Physical, mechanical, and water vapor barrier properties of starch/cellulose nanofiber/thymol bionanocomposite films |
| title_fullStr | Physical, mechanical, and water vapor barrier properties of starch/cellulose nanofiber/thymol bionanocomposite films |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physical, mechanical, and water vapor barrier properties of starch/cellulose nanofiber/thymol bionanocomposite films |
| title_short | Physical, mechanical, and water vapor barrier properties of starch/cellulose nanofiber/thymol bionanocomposite films |
| title_sort | physical, mechanical, and water vapor barrier properties of starch/cellulose nanofiber/thymol bionanocomposite films |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94583/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94583/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94583/ |