Physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of hybrid Cytostachys renda/kenaf fiber reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes MWCNT-phenolic composites
Adequate awareness of sustainable materials and eco-legislation have inspired researchers to identify alternative sustainable and green composites for synthetic fiber-reinforced polymer composites in the automotive and aircraft industries. This research focused on investigating the physical, mechani...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021
|
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94580/ |
| _version_ | 1848862036634632192 |
|---|---|
| author | Loganathan, Tamil Moli Hameed Sultan, Mohamed Thariq Jawaid, Mohammad Ahsan, Qumrul Naveen, Jesuarockiam Md Shah, Ain Umaira Abu Talib, Abd. Rahim Basri, Adi Azriff |
| author_facet | Loganathan, Tamil Moli Hameed Sultan, Mohamed Thariq Jawaid, Mohammad Ahsan, Qumrul Naveen, Jesuarockiam Md Shah, Ain Umaira Abu Talib, Abd. Rahim Basri, Adi Azriff |
| author_sort | Loganathan, Tamil Moli |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Adequate awareness of sustainable materials and eco-legislation have inspired researchers to identify alternative sustainable and green composites for synthetic fiber-reinforced polymer composites in the automotive and aircraft industries. This research focused on investigating the physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of different hybrid Cyrtostachys renda (CR)/kenaf fiber (K) (10C:0K, 7C:3K, 5C:5K, 3C:7K, 0C:10K) reinforced with 0.5 wt% MWCNT–phenolic composites. We incorporated 0.5 wt% of MWCNT into phenolic resin (powder) using a ball milling process for 25 h to achieve homogeneous distribution. The results revealed that CR fiber composites showed higher voids content (12.23%) than pure kenaf fiber composites (6.57%). CR fiber phenolic composite was more stable to the swelling tendency, resulting in the lowest percentage of swelling rate (4.11%) compared to kenaf composite (5.29%). The addition of kenaf fiber into CR composites had improved the tensile, flexural, and impact properties. The highest tensile and flexural properties were found for weight fraction of CR and kenaf fiber at 5C:5K (47.96 MPa) and 3C:7K (90.89 MPa) composites, respectively. In contrast, the highest impact properties were obtained for 0C:10K composites (9.56 kJ/m2). Based on the FE-SEM image, the CR fiber lumen was larger in comparison to kenaf fiber. The lumen of CR fiber was attributed to higher void and water absorption, lower mechanical properties compared to kenaf fiber. 5C:5K composite was selected as an optimal hybrid composite, based on the TOPSIS method. This hybrid composite can be used as an interior component (non-load-bearing structures) in the aviation and automotive sectors. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:10:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-94580 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:10:38Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-945802022-12-05T07:08:24Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94580/ Physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of hybrid Cytostachys renda/kenaf fiber reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes MWCNT-phenolic composites Loganathan, Tamil Moli Hameed Sultan, Mohamed Thariq Jawaid, Mohammad Ahsan, Qumrul Naveen, Jesuarockiam Md Shah, Ain Umaira Abu Talib, Abd. Rahim Basri, Adi Azriff Adequate awareness of sustainable materials and eco-legislation have inspired researchers to identify alternative sustainable and green composites for synthetic fiber-reinforced polymer composites in the automotive and aircraft industries. This research focused on investigating the physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of different hybrid Cyrtostachys renda (CR)/kenaf fiber (K) (10C:0K, 7C:3K, 5C:5K, 3C:7K, 0C:10K) reinforced with 0.5 wt% MWCNT–phenolic composites. We incorporated 0.5 wt% of MWCNT into phenolic resin (powder) using a ball milling process for 25 h to achieve homogeneous distribution. The results revealed that CR fiber composites showed higher voids content (12.23%) than pure kenaf fiber composites (6.57%). CR fiber phenolic composite was more stable to the swelling tendency, resulting in the lowest percentage of swelling rate (4.11%) compared to kenaf composite (5.29%). The addition of kenaf fiber into CR composites had improved the tensile, flexural, and impact properties. The highest tensile and flexural properties were found for weight fraction of CR and kenaf fiber at 5C:5K (47.96 MPa) and 3C:7K (90.89 MPa) composites, respectively. In contrast, the highest impact properties were obtained for 0C:10K composites (9.56 kJ/m2). Based on the FE-SEM image, the CR fiber lumen was larger in comparison to kenaf fiber. The lumen of CR fiber was attributed to higher void and water absorption, lower mechanical properties compared to kenaf fiber. 5C:5K composite was selected as an optimal hybrid composite, based on the TOPSIS method. This hybrid composite can be used as an interior component (non-load-bearing structures) in the aviation and automotive sectors. MDPI AG 2021-10 Article PeerReviewed Loganathan, Tamil Moli and Hameed Sultan, Mohamed Thariq and Jawaid, Mohammad and Ahsan, Qumrul and Naveen, Jesuarockiam and Md Shah, Ain Umaira and Abu Talib, Abd. Rahim and Basri, Adi Azriff (2021) Physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of hybrid Cytostachys renda/kenaf fiber reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes MWCNT-phenolic composites. Polymers, 13 (19). art. no. 3448. pp. 1-18. ISSN 2073-4360 https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/19/3448 10.3390/polym13193448 |
| spellingShingle | Loganathan, Tamil Moli Hameed Sultan, Mohamed Thariq Jawaid, Mohammad Ahsan, Qumrul Naveen, Jesuarockiam Md Shah, Ain Umaira Abu Talib, Abd. Rahim Basri, Adi Azriff Physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of hybrid Cytostachys renda/kenaf fiber reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes MWCNT-phenolic composites |
| title | Physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of hybrid Cytostachys renda/kenaf fiber reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes MWCNT-phenolic composites |
| title_full | Physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of hybrid Cytostachys renda/kenaf fiber reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes MWCNT-phenolic composites |
| title_fullStr | Physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of hybrid Cytostachys renda/kenaf fiber reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes MWCNT-phenolic composites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of hybrid Cytostachys renda/kenaf fiber reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes MWCNT-phenolic composites |
| title_short | Physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of hybrid Cytostachys renda/kenaf fiber reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes MWCNT-phenolic composites |
| title_sort | physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of hybrid cytostachys renda/kenaf fiber reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes mwcnt-phenolic composites |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94580/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94580/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94580/ |