Pharmacological properties of 2,4,6-Trihydroxy-3-geranyl acetophenone and the underlying signaling pathways: progress and prospects
2,4,6-Trihydroxy-3-geranyl acetophenone (tHGA) is a bioactive phloroglucinol compound found in Melicope pteleifolia (Champ. ex Benth.) T.G.Hartley, a medicinal plant vernacularly known as “tenggek burung”. A variety of phytochemicals have been isolated from different parts of the plant including lea...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Research Foundation
2021
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94568/ |
| _version_ | 1848862033371463680 |
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| author | Chan, Yee Han Liew, Kong Yen Tan, Ji Wei Shaari, Khozirah Israf, Daud Ahmad Tham, Chau Ling |
| author_facet | Chan, Yee Han Liew, Kong Yen Tan, Ji Wei Shaari, Khozirah Israf, Daud Ahmad Tham, Chau Ling |
| author_sort | Chan, Yee Han |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | 2,4,6-Trihydroxy-3-geranyl acetophenone (tHGA) is a bioactive phloroglucinol compound found in Melicope pteleifolia (Champ. ex Benth.) T.G.Hartley, a medicinal plant vernacularly known as “tenggek burung”. A variety of phytochemicals have been isolated from different parts of the plant including leaves, stems, and roots by using several extraction methods. Specifically, tHGA, a drug-like compound containing phloroglucinol structural core with acyl and geranyl group, has been identified in the methanolic extract of the young leaves. Due to its high nutritional and medicinal values, tHGA has been extensively studied by using various experimental models. These studies have successfully discovered various interesting pharmacological activities of tHGA such as anti-inflammatory, endothelial and epithelial barrier protective, anti-asthmatic, anti-allergic, and anti-cancer. More in-depth investigations later found that these activities were attributable to the modulatory actions exerted by tHGA on specific molecular targets. Despite these findings, the association between the mechanisms and signaling pathways underlying each pharmacological activity remains largely unknown. Also, little is known about the medicinal potentials of tHGA as a drug lead in the current pharmaceutical industry. Therefore, this mini review aims to summarize and relate the pharmacological activities of tHGA in terms of their respective mechanisms of action and signaling pathways in order to present a perspective into the overall modulatory actions exerted by tHGA. Besides that, this mini review will also pinpoint the unexplored potentials of this compound and provide some valuable insights into the potential applications of tHGA which may serve as a guide for the development of modern medication in the future. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:10:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-94568 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:10:35Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | Frontiers Research Foundation |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-945682022-12-05T03:43:56Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94568/ Pharmacological properties of 2,4,6-Trihydroxy-3-geranyl acetophenone and the underlying signaling pathways: progress and prospects Chan, Yee Han Liew, Kong Yen Tan, Ji Wei Shaari, Khozirah Israf, Daud Ahmad Tham, Chau Ling 2,4,6-Trihydroxy-3-geranyl acetophenone (tHGA) is a bioactive phloroglucinol compound found in Melicope pteleifolia (Champ. ex Benth.) T.G.Hartley, a medicinal plant vernacularly known as “tenggek burung”. A variety of phytochemicals have been isolated from different parts of the plant including leaves, stems, and roots by using several extraction methods. Specifically, tHGA, a drug-like compound containing phloroglucinol structural core with acyl and geranyl group, has been identified in the methanolic extract of the young leaves. Due to its high nutritional and medicinal values, tHGA has been extensively studied by using various experimental models. These studies have successfully discovered various interesting pharmacological activities of tHGA such as anti-inflammatory, endothelial and epithelial barrier protective, anti-asthmatic, anti-allergic, and anti-cancer. More in-depth investigations later found that these activities were attributable to the modulatory actions exerted by tHGA on specific molecular targets. Despite these findings, the association between the mechanisms and signaling pathways underlying each pharmacological activity remains largely unknown. Also, little is known about the medicinal potentials of tHGA as a drug lead in the current pharmaceutical industry. Therefore, this mini review aims to summarize and relate the pharmacological activities of tHGA in terms of their respective mechanisms of action and signaling pathways in order to present a perspective into the overall modulatory actions exerted by tHGA. Besides that, this mini review will also pinpoint the unexplored potentials of this compound and provide some valuable insights into the potential applications of tHGA which may serve as a guide for the development of modern medication in the future. Frontiers Research Foundation 2021-08 Article PeerReviewed Chan, Yee Han and Liew, Kong Yen and Tan, Ji Wei and Shaari, Khozirah and Israf, Daud Ahmad and Tham, Chau Ling (2021) Pharmacological properties of 2,4,6-Trihydroxy-3-geranyl acetophenone and the underlying signaling pathways: progress and prospects. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12. art. no. 736339. pp. 1-11. ISSN 1663-9812 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.736339/full 10.3389/fphar.2021.736339 |
| spellingShingle | Chan, Yee Han Liew, Kong Yen Tan, Ji Wei Shaari, Khozirah Israf, Daud Ahmad Tham, Chau Ling Pharmacological properties of 2,4,6-Trihydroxy-3-geranyl acetophenone and the underlying signaling pathways: progress and prospects |
| title | Pharmacological properties of 2,4,6-Trihydroxy-3-geranyl acetophenone and the underlying signaling pathways: progress and prospects |
| title_full | Pharmacological properties of 2,4,6-Trihydroxy-3-geranyl acetophenone and the underlying signaling pathways: progress and prospects |
| title_fullStr | Pharmacological properties of 2,4,6-Trihydroxy-3-geranyl acetophenone and the underlying signaling pathways: progress and prospects |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pharmacological properties of 2,4,6-Trihydroxy-3-geranyl acetophenone and the underlying signaling pathways: progress and prospects |
| title_short | Pharmacological properties of 2,4,6-Trihydroxy-3-geranyl acetophenone and the underlying signaling pathways: progress and prospects |
| title_sort | pharmacological properties of 2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-geranyl acetophenone and the underlying signaling pathways: progress and prospects |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94568/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94568/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94568/ |