Optimization of bokashi composting process using effective microorganisms-1 in smart composting bin
Malaysians generate 15,000 tons of food waste per day and dispose of it in the landfill, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions. As a solution for the stated problem, this research aims to produce an excellent quality bokashi compost from household organic waste using a smart composting bin. The b...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI
2021
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94456/ |
| _version_ | 1848862002647138304 |
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| author | Pei, Sze Lew Nik Ibrahim, Nik Nor Liyana Kamarudin, Suryani M Thamrin, Norashikin Misnan, Mohamad Farid |
| author_facet | Pei, Sze Lew Nik Ibrahim, Nik Nor Liyana Kamarudin, Suryani M Thamrin, Norashikin Misnan, Mohamad Farid |
| author_sort | Pei, Sze Lew |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Malaysians generate 15,000 tons of food waste per day and dispose of it in the landfill, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions. As a solution for the stated problem, this research aims to produce an excellent quality bokashi compost from household organic waste using a smart composting bin. The bokashi composting method is conducted, whereby banana peels are composted with three types of bokashi brans prepared using 12, 22, and 32 mL of EM-1 mother cultured. During the 14 days composting process, the smart composting bin collected the temperature, air humidity, and moisture content produced by the bokashi-composting process. With the ATmega328 microcontroller, these data were uploaded and synchronized to Google Sheet via WIFI. After the bokashi-composting process was completed, three of each bokashi compost and a control sample were buried in separate black soil for three weeks to determine each compost’s effectiveness. NPK values and the C/N ratio were analyzed on the soil compost. From the research, 12 mL of EM-1 shows the most effective ratio to the bokashi composting, as it resulted in a faster decomposition rate and has an optimum C/N ratio. Bokashi composting can help to reduce household food wastes. An optimum amount of the EM-1 used during the bokashi-composting process will produce good quality soil without contributing to environmental issues. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:10:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-94456 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:10:06Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | MDPI |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-944562023-02-07T03:41:38Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94456/ Optimization of bokashi composting process using effective microorganisms-1 in smart composting bin Pei, Sze Lew Nik Ibrahim, Nik Nor Liyana Kamarudin, Suryani M Thamrin, Norashikin Misnan, Mohamad Farid Malaysians generate 15,000 tons of food waste per day and dispose of it in the landfill, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions. As a solution for the stated problem, this research aims to produce an excellent quality bokashi compost from household organic waste using a smart composting bin. The bokashi composting method is conducted, whereby banana peels are composted with three types of bokashi brans prepared using 12, 22, and 32 mL of EM-1 mother cultured. During the 14 days composting process, the smart composting bin collected the temperature, air humidity, and moisture content produced by the bokashi-composting process. With the ATmega328 microcontroller, these data were uploaded and synchronized to Google Sheet via WIFI. After the bokashi-composting process was completed, three of each bokashi compost and a control sample were buried in separate black soil for three weeks to determine each compost’s effectiveness. NPK values and the C/N ratio were analyzed on the soil compost. From the research, 12 mL of EM-1 shows the most effective ratio to the bokashi composting, as it resulted in a faster decomposition rate and has an optimum C/N ratio. Bokashi composting can help to reduce household food wastes. An optimum amount of the EM-1 used during the bokashi-composting process will produce good quality soil without contributing to environmental issues. MDPI 2021-04-18 Article PeerReviewed Pei, Sze Lew and Nik Ibrahim, Nik Nor Liyana and Kamarudin, Suryani and M Thamrin, Norashikin and Misnan, Mohamad Farid (2021) Optimization of bokashi composting process using effective microorganisms-1 in smart composting bin. Sensors, 21 (8). art. no. 2847. pp. 1-15. ISSN 1424-8220 https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/8/2847 10.3390/s21082847 |
| spellingShingle | Pei, Sze Lew Nik Ibrahim, Nik Nor Liyana Kamarudin, Suryani M Thamrin, Norashikin Misnan, Mohamad Farid Optimization of bokashi composting process using effective microorganisms-1 in smart composting bin |
| title | Optimization of bokashi composting process using effective microorganisms-1 in smart composting bin |
| title_full | Optimization of bokashi composting process using effective microorganisms-1 in smart composting bin |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of bokashi composting process using effective microorganisms-1 in smart composting bin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of bokashi composting process using effective microorganisms-1 in smart composting bin |
| title_short | Optimization of bokashi composting process using effective microorganisms-1 in smart composting bin |
| title_sort | optimization of bokashi composting process using effective microorganisms-1 in smart composting bin |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94456/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94456/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94456/ |