Opportunistic yeast pathogen Candida spp.: secreted and membrane-bound virulence factors
Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by Candida spp. especially Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis. Although the medicinal therapeutic strategies have rapidly improved, the mortality rate as candidiasis has continuously increased. The secreted and membrane-bound vi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
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Oxford University Press
2021
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94440/ |
| _version_ | 1848861997896040448 |
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| author | Si, Jie Lim Mohamad Ali, Mohd Shukuri Sabri, Suriana Muhd Noor, Noor Dina Salleh, Abu Bakar Oslan, Siti Nurbaya |
| author_facet | Si, Jie Lim Mohamad Ali, Mohd Shukuri Sabri, Suriana Muhd Noor, Noor Dina Salleh, Abu Bakar Oslan, Siti Nurbaya |
| author_sort | Si, Jie Lim |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by Candida spp. especially Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis. Although the medicinal therapeutic strategies have rapidly improved, the mortality
rate as candidiasis has continuously increased. The secreted and membrane-bound virulence factors (VFs)
are responsible for fungal invasion, damage and translocation through the host enterocytes besides the evasion from host immune system. VFs such as agglutinin-like sequences (Als), heat shock protein 70, phospholipases, secreted aspartyl proteinases (Sap), lipases, enolases and phytases are mostly hydrolases which
degrade or interact with the enterocyte membrane components. Candidalysin, however, acts as a peptide
toxin to induce necrotic cell lysis. To date, structural studies of the VFs remain underexplored, hindering their
functional analyses. Among the VFs, only Sap and Als have their structures deposited in Protein Data Bank
(PDB). Therefore, this review scrutinizes the mechanisms of these VFs by discussing the VF-deficient studies
of several Candida spp. and their abilities to produce these VFs. Nonetheless, their latest reported sequential
and structural analyses are discussed to impart a wider perception of the host-pathogen interactions and
potential vaccine or antifungal drug targets. This review signifies that more VFs structural investigations and
mining in the emerging Candida spp. are required to decipher their pathogenicity and virulence mechanisms
compared to the prominent C. albicans. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:10:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-94440 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:10:01Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | Oxford University Press |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-944402023-04-04T01:55:58Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94440/ Opportunistic yeast pathogen Candida spp.: secreted and membrane-bound virulence factors Si, Jie Lim Mohamad Ali, Mohd Shukuri Sabri, Suriana Muhd Noor, Noor Dina Salleh, Abu Bakar Oslan, Siti Nurbaya Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by Candida spp. especially Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis. Although the medicinal therapeutic strategies have rapidly improved, the mortality rate as candidiasis has continuously increased. The secreted and membrane-bound virulence factors (VFs) are responsible for fungal invasion, damage and translocation through the host enterocytes besides the evasion from host immune system. VFs such as agglutinin-like sequences (Als), heat shock protein 70, phospholipases, secreted aspartyl proteinases (Sap), lipases, enolases and phytases are mostly hydrolases which degrade or interact with the enterocyte membrane components. Candidalysin, however, acts as a peptide toxin to induce necrotic cell lysis. To date, structural studies of the VFs remain underexplored, hindering their functional analyses. Among the VFs, only Sap and Als have their structures deposited in Protein Data Bank (PDB). Therefore, this review scrutinizes the mechanisms of these VFs by discussing the VF-deficient studies of several Candida spp. and their abilities to produce these VFs. Nonetheless, their latest reported sequential and structural analyses are discussed to impart a wider perception of the host-pathogen interactions and potential vaccine or antifungal drug targets. This review signifies that more VFs structural investigations and mining in the emerging Candida spp. are required to decipher their pathogenicity and virulence mechanisms compared to the prominent C. albicans. Oxford University Press 2021-09-10 Article PeerReviewed Si, Jie Lim and Mohamad Ali, Mohd Shukuri and Sabri, Suriana and Muhd Noor, Noor Dina and Salleh, Abu Bakar and Oslan, Siti Nurbaya (2021) Opportunistic yeast pathogen Candida spp.: secreted and membrane-bound virulence factors. Medical Mycology, 59 (12). pp. 1127-1144. ISSN 1369-3786; ESSN: 1460-2709 https://academic.oup.com/mmy/article/59/12/1127/6368339?login=true 10.1093/mmy/myab053 |
| spellingShingle | Si, Jie Lim Mohamad Ali, Mohd Shukuri Sabri, Suriana Muhd Noor, Noor Dina Salleh, Abu Bakar Oslan, Siti Nurbaya Opportunistic yeast pathogen Candida spp.: secreted and membrane-bound virulence factors |
| title | Opportunistic yeast pathogen Candida spp.: secreted and membrane-bound virulence factors |
| title_full | Opportunistic yeast pathogen Candida spp.: secreted and membrane-bound virulence factors |
| title_fullStr | Opportunistic yeast pathogen Candida spp.: secreted and membrane-bound virulence factors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Opportunistic yeast pathogen Candida spp.: secreted and membrane-bound virulence factors |
| title_short | Opportunistic yeast pathogen Candida spp.: secreted and membrane-bound virulence factors |
| title_sort | opportunistic yeast pathogen candida spp.: secreted and membrane-bound virulence factors |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94440/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94440/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94440/ |