Observation of site diversity gain dependency on separation distance using an attenuation-dependent logarithmic model in a tropical region
Ensuring site diversity is a fade mitigation technique used to overcome severe rain-induced attenuation encountered in high-frequency signal communications, especially over tropical regions. However, due to the high cost of deploying diverse equipment and terrestrial infrastructures for connections...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
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Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
2021
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94404/ |
| _version_ | 1848861988226072576 |
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| author | Samat, Fadzliana Singh, Mandeep Jit Sali, Aduwati Maniam, P.M.Kalai Vaanan |
| author_facet | Samat, Fadzliana Singh, Mandeep Jit Sali, Aduwati Maniam, P.M.Kalai Vaanan |
| author_sort | Samat, Fadzliana |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Ensuring site diversity is a fade mitigation technique used to overcome severe rain-induced
attenuation encountered in high-frequency signal communications, especially over tropical regions. However, due to the high cost of deploying diverse equipment and terrestrial infrastructures for connections
between two sites, gain prediction models are widely used to evaluate the performance of a given scheme.
This article presents a study on the behavior of four parameters that contribute to site diversity gain: site
separation distance, link frequency, elevation angle, and baseline orientation angle. A correlation between
gain and distance is found in the form of an attenuation-dependent logarithmic function instead of the
gain being saturated when the increment of the distance exceeds the convective rain cell extent, as was
found in the literature. Therefore, a site diversity logarithmic model, SDLog, is proposed. The analysis
utilized seven site diversity experiments conducted in the tropics, i.e., in Malaysia, Singapore, and Guam,
USA. The performance of the SDLog model was compared with the performances of existing models,
namely, the ITU-R, Hodge, Panagopoulos, Semire, and X. Yeo models. The SDLog model reproduces the
experimental datasets with an average root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.12, while those of the ITU-R,
Hodge, Panagopoulos, Semire, and X. Yeo models are 0.226, 0.289, 0.19, 0.192, and 0.311, respectively.
These models were also evaluated based on diversity experiments conducted in Indonesia, separate from the
former evaluation. The RMSE and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of all evaluations are presented,
and the SDLog model seems to be convincing. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:09:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-94404 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:09:52Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-944042023-03-01T09:23:37Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94404/ Observation of site diversity gain dependency on separation distance using an attenuation-dependent logarithmic model in a tropical region Samat, Fadzliana Singh, Mandeep Jit Sali, Aduwati Maniam, P.M.Kalai Vaanan Ensuring site diversity is a fade mitigation technique used to overcome severe rain-induced attenuation encountered in high-frequency signal communications, especially over tropical regions. However, due to the high cost of deploying diverse equipment and terrestrial infrastructures for connections between two sites, gain prediction models are widely used to evaluate the performance of a given scheme. This article presents a study on the behavior of four parameters that contribute to site diversity gain: site separation distance, link frequency, elevation angle, and baseline orientation angle. A correlation between gain and distance is found in the form of an attenuation-dependent logarithmic function instead of the gain being saturated when the increment of the distance exceeds the convective rain cell extent, as was found in the literature. Therefore, a site diversity logarithmic model, SDLog, is proposed. The analysis utilized seven site diversity experiments conducted in the tropics, i.e., in Malaysia, Singapore, and Guam, USA. The performance of the SDLog model was compared with the performances of existing models, namely, the ITU-R, Hodge, Panagopoulos, Semire, and X. Yeo models. The SDLog model reproduces the experimental datasets with an average root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.12, while those of the ITU-R, Hodge, Panagopoulos, Semire, and X. Yeo models are 0.226, 0.289, 0.19, 0.192, and 0.311, respectively. These models were also evaluated based on diversity experiments conducted in Indonesia, separate from the former evaluation. The RMSE and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of all evaluations are presented, and the SDLog model seems to be convincing. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 2021-02-01 Article PeerReviewed Samat, Fadzliana and Singh, Mandeep Jit and Sali, Aduwati and Maniam, P.M.Kalai Vaanan (2021) Observation of site diversity gain dependency on separation distance using an attenuation-dependent logarithmic model in a tropical region. IEEE Access, 9. 33994 - 34006. ISSN 2169-3536 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9343821 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3056183 |
| spellingShingle | Samat, Fadzliana Singh, Mandeep Jit Sali, Aduwati Maniam, P.M.Kalai Vaanan Observation of site diversity gain dependency on separation distance using an attenuation-dependent logarithmic model in a tropical region |
| title | Observation of site diversity gain dependency on separation distance using an attenuation-dependent logarithmic model in a tropical region |
| title_full | Observation of site diversity gain dependency on separation distance using an attenuation-dependent logarithmic model in a tropical region |
| title_fullStr | Observation of site diversity gain dependency on separation distance using an attenuation-dependent logarithmic model in a tropical region |
| title_full_unstemmed | Observation of site diversity gain dependency on separation distance using an attenuation-dependent logarithmic model in a tropical region |
| title_short | Observation of site diversity gain dependency on separation distance using an attenuation-dependent logarithmic model in a tropical region |
| title_sort | observation of site diversity gain dependency on separation distance using an attenuation-dependent logarithmic model in a tropical region |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94404/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94404/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94404/ |