Method development and validation for omega-3 fatty acids DHA and EPA in fish using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection GC-FID
Gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) has often been used to quantify fatty acids in fish. This study validated the common method for determining omega-3 fatty acids (DHA and EPA) in the raw and cooked warm-water fish, selayang, using GC-FID for subsequent evaluation on EPA and...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94170/ |
| _version_ | 1848861926114721792 |
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| author | Muhammad Alinafiah, Suryati Azlan, Azrina Ismail, Amin Mahmud Ab Rashid, Nor Khaizura |
| author_facet | Muhammad Alinafiah, Suryati Azlan, Azrina Ismail, Amin Mahmud Ab Rashid, Nor Khaizura |
| author_sort | Muhammad Alinafiah, Suryati |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) has often been used to quantify fatty acids in fish. This study validated the common method for determining omega-3 fatty acids (DHA and EPA) in the raw and cooked warm-water fish, selayang, using GC-FID for subsequent evaluation on EPA and DHA retention using the Weibull model. The EPA and DHA were separated using a high-polarity capillary GC HP-88 column (60 m length, 0.25 mm ID, 0.2 μm DF) with a total run time of 45.87 min. The method was validated in linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity and sensitivity based on ICH requirements. In addition, it was found that the method had a high recovery rate (>95%) and good precision (RSD ≤ 2%) with overall RSDs ranging below 0.001% for both omega-3 PUFA. In conclusion, this method identified and quantified fatty acids and omega-3 accurately and precisely and can be used effectively for routine FAME analysis in fish samples. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:08:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-94170 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:08:53Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-941702023-03-29T01:36:22Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94170/ Method development and validation for omega-3 fatty acids DHA and EPA in fish using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection GC-FID Muhammad Alinafiah, Suryati Azlan, Azrina Ismail, Amin Mahmud Ab Rashid, Nor Khaizura Gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) has often been used to quantify fatty acids in fish. This study validated the common method for determining omega-3 fatty acids (DHA and EPA) in the raw and cooked warm-water fish, selayang, using GC-FID for subsequent evaluation on EPA and DHA retention using the Weibull model. The EPA and DHA were separated using a high-polarity capillary GC HP-88 column (60 m length, 0.25 mm ID, 0.2 μm DF) with a total run time of 45.87 min. The method was validated in linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity and sensitivity based on ICH requirements. In addition, it was found that the method had a high recovery rate (>95%) and good precision (RSD ≤ 2%) with overall RSDs ranging below 0.001% for both omega-3 PUFA. In conclusion, this method identified and quantified fatty acids and omega-3 accurately and precisely and can be used effectively for routine FAME analysis in fish samples. MDPI AG 2021-10-30 Article PeerReviewed Muhammad Alinafiah, Suryati and Azlan, Azrina and Ismail, Amin and Mahmud Ab Rashid, Nor Khaizura (2021) Method development and validation for omega-3 fatty acids DHA and EPA in fish using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection GC-FID. Molecules, 26 (21). pp. 1-13. ISSN 1420-3049 https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/21/6592 10.3390/molecules26216592 |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Alinafiah, Suryati Azlan, Azrina Ismail, Amin Mahmud Ab Rashid, Nor Khaizura Method development and validation for omega-3 fatty acids DHA and EPA in fish using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection GC-FID |
| title | Method development and validation for omega-3 fatty acids DHA and EPA in fish using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection GC-FID |
| title_full | Method development and validation for omega-3 fatty acids DHA and EPA in fish using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection GC-FID |
| title_fullStr | Method development and validation for omega-3 fatty acids DHA and EPA in fish using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection GC-FID |
| title_full_unstemmed | Method development and validation for omega-3 fatty acids DHA and EPA in fish using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection GC-FID |
| title_short | Method development and validation for omega-3 fatty acids DHA and EPA in fish using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection GC-FID |
| title_sort | method development and validation for omega-3 fatty acids dha and epa in fish using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection gc-fid |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94170/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94170/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94170/ |