Selection of acid salts: a critical step in creating an acidic condition for plasma iron release and measurement
Introduction: Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is the most common cause of anaemia worldwide. Determination of body iron status is necessary to diagnose IDA. This can be measured using a biochemistry assessment of the serum/ plasma. Plasma/serum iron quantitation is also important in diagnosing iron ov...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia
2020
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/90190/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/90190/1/8upm.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848860999916978176 |
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| author | Lim, Wai Feng Abdullah, Maha Ho, Kok Lian Yap, Boon Kar Lai, Mei I. |
| author_facet | Lim, Wai Feng Abdullah, Maha Ho, Kok Lian Yap, Boon Kar Lai, Mei I. |
| author_sort | Lim, Wai Feng |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Introduction: Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is the most common cause of anaemia worldwide. Determination of body iron status is necessary to diagnose IDA. This can be measured using a biochemistry assessment of the serum/ plasma. Plasma/serum iron quantitation is also important in diagnosing iron overload disorders. However, iron studies are limited due to high cost and lack of access to biochemical analysers. Therefore, a cost- and technical-effective method is needed to measure human plasma iron concentration. Plasma iron is mainly transferrin-bound and an acidic plasmic condition is necessary to release the iron. This study investigated various candidate acid salts to achieve the acidic condition needed for plasma iron release. Method: Ten powdered or crystallised acid salts were studied for their water solubility as well as their pH reduction capability in revised simulated body fluid (r-SBF) and commercially available human plasma without any change in colour or form. Results: Six acid salts studied were discontinued from further investigation because they were insoluble in water. Another two candidates were unsuitable as they precipitated in r-SBF and human plasma. Maleic acid formed a jelly-like texture after a certain amount of time in human plasma. Only citric acid met all the criteria of a suitable acid salt to be investigated further as part of the reagent for a spontaneous plasma iron measurement. Conclusion: Citric acid, which is a colourless and odourless acid salt, was selected to lower the human plasma pH to an acidic condition for transferrin-bound iron release. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:54:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-90190 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:54:10Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-901902021-09-08T22:41:44Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/90190/ Selection of acid salts: a critical step in creating an acidic condition for plasma iron release and measurement Lim, Wai Feng Abdullah, Maha Ho, Kok Lian Yap, Boon Kar Lai, Mei I. Introduction: Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is the most common cause of anaemia worldwide. Determination of body iron status is necessary to diagnose IDA. This can be measured using a biochemistry assessment of the serum/ plasma. Plasma/serum iron quantitation is also important in diagnosing iron overload disorders. However, iron studies are limited due to high cost and lack of access to biochemical analysers. Therefore, a cost- and technical-effective method is needed to measure human plasma iron concentration. Plasma iron is mainly transferrin-bound and an acidic plasmic condition is necessary to release the iron. This study investigated various candidate acid salts to achieve the acidic condition needed for plasma iron release. Method: Ten powdered or crystallised acid salts were studied for their water solubility as well as their pH reduction capability in revised simulated body fluid (r-SBF) and commercially available human plasma without any change in colour or form. Results: Six acid salts studied were discontinued from further investigation because they were insoluble in water. Another two candidates were unsuitable as they precipitated in r-SBF and human plasma. Maleic acid formed a jelly-like texture after a certain amount of time in human plasma. Only citric acid met all the criteria of a suitable acid salt to be investigated further as part of the reagent for a spontaneous plasma iron measurement. Conclusion: Citric acid, which is a colourless and odourless acid salt, was selected to lower the human plasma pH to an acidic condition for transferrin-bound iron release. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia 2020-11 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/90190/1/8upm.pdf Lim, Wai Feng and Abdullah, Maha and Ho, Kok Lian and Yap, Boon Kar and Lai, Mei I. (2020) Selection of acid salts: a critical step in creating an acidic condition for plasma iron release and measurement. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 16 (suppl. 9). pp. 52-57. ISSN 1675-8544; ESSN: 2636-9346 https://medic.upm.edu.my/upload/dokumen/2020110611091108_2020_0375.pdf |
| spellingShingle | Lim, Wai Feng Abdullah, Maha Ho, Kok Lian Yap, Boon Kar Lai, Mei I. Selection of acid salts: a critical step in creating an acidic condition for plasma iron release and measurement |
| title | Selection of acid salts: a critical step in creating an acidic condition for plasma iron release and measurement |
| title_full | Selection of acid salts: a critical step in creating an acidic condition for plasma iron release and measurement |
| title_fullStr | Selection of acid salts: a critical step in creating an acidic condition for plasma iron release and measurement |
| title_full_unstemmed | Selection of acid salts: a critical step in creating an acidic condition for plasma iron release and measurement |
| title_short | Selection of acid salts: a critical step in creating an acidic condition for plasma iron release and measurement |
| title_sort | selection of acid salts: a critical step in creating an acidic condition for plasma iron release and measurement |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/90190/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/90190/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/90190/1/8upm.pdf |