Hypocalcemia, hypochloremia, and eosinopenia as clinical predictors of leptospirosis: a retrospective study
Background: Underestimation of leptospirosis cases is happening in many countries. The most common factor of underreporting is misdiagnosis. Considering the limitations of direct detection of pathogen and serological diagnosis for leptospirosis, clinical features and blood tests though non-specific...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2020
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/89242/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/89242/1/LEPTOS.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848860805018157056 |
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| author | Low, Cheng Yee Balami, Ahmed Dahiru Than, Leslie Thian Lung Ling, King Hwa Mohd Taib, Niazlin Md Shah, Anim Sekawi, Zamberi |
| author_facet | Low, Cheng Yee Balami, Ahmed Dahiru Than, Leslie Thian Lung Ling, King Hwa Mohd Taib, Niazlin Md Shah, Anim Sekawi, Zamberi |
| author_sort | Low, Cheng Yee |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Background: Underestimation of leptospirosis cases is happening in many countries. The most common factor of underreporting is misdiagnosis. Considering the limitations of direct detection of pathogen and serological diagnosis for leptospirosis, clinical features and blood tests though non-specific are usually referred in making presumptive diagnosis to decide disease management.
Methods: In this single-centre retrospective study, comparative analysis on clinical presentations and laboratory findings was performed between confirmed leptospirosis versus non leptospirosis cases. Results: In multivariate logistic regression evidenced by a Hosmer-Lemeshow significance value of 0.979 and Nagelkerke R square of 0.426, the predictors of a leptospirosis case are hypocalcemia (calcium <2.10mmol/L), hypochloremia (chloride <98mmol/L), and eosinopenia (absolute eosinophil count <0.040×109/L). The proposed diagnostic scoring model has a discriminatory power with area under the curve (AUC) 0.761 (p<0.001). A score value of 6 reflected a sensitivity of 0.762, specificity of 0.655, a positive predictive value of 0.38, negative predictive value of 0.91, a positive likelihood ratios of 2.21, and a negative likelihood ratios of 0.36. Conclusion: With further validation in clinical settings, implementation of this diagnostic scoring model is helpful to manage presumed leptospirosis especially in the absence of leptospirosis confirmatory tests. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:51:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-89242 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:51:04Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-892422021-09-03T21:35:34Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/89242/ Hypocalcemia, hypochloremia, and eosinopenia as clinical predictors of leptospirosis: a retrospective study Low, Cheng Yee Balami, Ahmed Dahiru Than, Leslie Thian Lung Ling, King Hwa Mohd Taib, Niazlin Md Shah, Anim Sekawi, Zamberi Background: Underestimation of leptospirosis cases is happening in many countries. The most common factor of underreporting is misdiagnosis. Considering the limitations of direct detection of pathogen and serological diagnosis for leptospirosis, clinical features and blood tests though non-specific are usually referred in making presumptive diagnosis to decide disease management. Methods: In this single-centre retrospective study, comparative analysis on clinical presentations and laboratory findings was performed between confirmed leptospirosis versus non leptospirosis cases. Results: In multivariate logistic regression evidenced by a Hosmer-Lemeshow significance value of 0.979 and Nagelkerke R square of 0.426, the predictors of a leptospirosis case are hypocalcemia (calcium <2.10mmol/L), hypochloremia (chloride <98mmol/L), and eosinopenia (absolute eosinophil count <0.040×109/L). The proposed diagnostic scoring model has a discriminatory power with area under the curve (AUC) 0.761 (p<0.001). A score value of 6 reflected a sensitivity of 0.762, specificity of 0.655, a positive predictive value of 0.38, negative predictive value of 0.91, a positive likelihood ratios of 2.21, and a negative likelihood ratios of 0.36. Conclusion: With further validation in clinical settings, implementation of this diagnostic scoring model is helpful to manage presumed leptospirosis especially in the absence of leptospirosis confirmatory tests. Elsevier 2020 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/89242/1/LEPTOS.pdf Low, Cheng Yee and Balami, Ahmed Dahiru and Than, Leslie Thian Lung and Ling, King Hwa and Mohd Taib, Niazlin and Md Shah, Anim and Sekawi, Zamberi (2020) Hypocalcemia, hypochloremia, and eosinopenia as clinical predictors of leptospirosis: a retrospective study. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 13 (2). 216 - 220. ISSN 1876-0341; ESSN: 1876-035X https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034119302564?via%3Dihub 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.07.021 |
| spellingShingle | Low, Cheng Yee Balami, Ahmed Dahiru Than, Leslie Thian Lung Ling, King Hwa Mohd Taib, Niazlin Md Shah, Anim Sekawi, Zamberi Hypocalcemia, hypochloremia, and eosinopenia as clinical predictors of leptospirosis: a retrospective study |
| title | Hypocalcemia, hypochloremia, and eosinopenia as clinical predictors of leptospirosis: a retrospective study |
| title_full | Hypocalcemia, hypochloremia, and eosinopenia as clinical predictors of leptospirosis: a retrospective study |
| title_fullStr | Hypocalcemia, hypochloremia, and eosinopenia as clinical predictors of leptospirosis: a retrospective study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hypocalcemia, hypochloremia, and eosinopenia as clinical predictors of leptospirosis: a retrospective study |
| title_short | Hypocalcemia, hypochloremia, and eosinopenia as clinical predictors of leptospirosis: a retrospective study |
| title_sort | hypocalcemia, hypochloremia, and eosinopenia as clinical predictors of leptospirosis: a retrospective study |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/89242/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/89242/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/89242/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/89242/1/LEPTOS.pdf |