Effects of drying on total polyphenols content and antioxidant properties of Carica papaya leaves
Background: Papaya is widely grown in Malaysia and normally only the fruits are consumed. Other parts of the plant such as leaves, roots, bark, peel, seeds and pulp are also known to have medicinal properties and have been used to treat various diseases. Papaya leaves also contain flavonoids, alkalo...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2020
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88699/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88699/1/ABSTRACT.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848860675189768192 |
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| author | Yap, Jing Ying Ching, Lik Hii Sze, Pheng Ong Kuan, Hon Lim Abas, Faridah Pin, Kar Yong |
| author_facet | Yap, Jing Ying Ching, Lik Hii Sze, Pheng Ong Kuan, Hon Lim Abas, Faridah Pin, Kar Yong |
| author_sort | Yap, Jing Ying |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Background: Papaya is widely grown in Malaysia and normally only the fruits are consumed. Other parts of the plant such as leaves, roots, bark, peel, seeds and pulp are also known to have medicinal properties and have been used to treat various diseases. Papaya leaves also contain flavonoids, alkaloids phenolic compounds and cynogenetic compounds, and are also reported to be able to treat dengue fever. Results: Studies were carried out on drying of papaya leaves using hot air (60, 70 and 80 °C), shade and freeze drying. Effective diffusivities were estimated ranging from 2.09 × 10-12 to 2.18 × 10-12 m2 s-1 from hot air drying, which are within the order of magnitudes reported for most agricultural and food products. The activation energy to initiate drying showed a relatively low value (2.11 kJ mol-1 ) as a result of the thin leave layer that eased moisture diffusion. In terms of total polyphenols content and antioxidant activities, freeze-dried sample showed a significantly higher (P < 0.05) total polyphenols content [2158 mg gallic acid equivalent 100 g dry weight-1 ] and antioxidant activities [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) = 571 mg TE 100 g DW-1 and 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) = 215 μg mg-1 ] compared to hot air and shade dried samples. Conclusion: Freeze dried sample retained the most total polyphenols content and showed the highest antioxidant activities in both ABTS and DPPH antioxidant assays. Hot air and shade drying are not conducive with repect to preserving the antioxidants as a result of possible thermal degradation at elevated temperatures and oxidations under prolonged drying condition. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:49:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-88699 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:49:00Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-886992021-11-03T21:51:15Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88699/ Effects of drying on total polyphenols content and antioxidant properties of Carica papaya leaves Yap, Jing Ying Ching, Lik Hii Sze, Pheng Ong Kuan, Hon Lim Abas, Faridah Pin, Kar Yong Background: Papaya is widely grown in Malaysia and normally only the fruits are consumed. Other parts of the plant such as leaves, roots, bark, peel, seeds and pulp are also known to have medicinal properties and have been used to treat various diseases. Papaya leaves also contain flavonoids, alkaloids phenolic compounds and cynogenetic compounds, and are also reported to be able to treat dengue fever. Results: Studies were carried out on drying of papaya leaves using hot air (60, 70 and 80 °C), shade and freeze drying. Effective diffusivities were estimated ranging from 2.09 × 10-12 to 2.18 × 10-12 m2 s-1 from hot air drying, which are within the order of magnitudes reported for most agricultural and food products. The activation energy to initiate drying showed a relatively low value (2.11 kJ mol-1 ) as a result of the thin leave layer that eased moisture diffusion. In terms of total polyphenols content and antioxidant activities, freeze-dried sample showed a significantly higher (P < 0.05) total polyphenols content [2158 mg gallic acid equivalent 100 g dry weight-1 ] and antioxidant activities [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) = 571 mg TE 100 g DW-1 and 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) = 215 μg mg-1 ] compared to hot air and shade dried samples. Conclusion: Freeze dried sample retained the most total polyphenols content and showed the highest antioxidant activities in both ABTS and DPPH antioxidant assays. Hot air and shade drying are not conducive with repect to preserving the antioxidants as a result of possible thermal degradation at elevated temperatures and oxidations under prolonged drying condition. Wiley 2020 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88699/1/ABSTRACT.pdf Yap, Jing Ying and Ching, Lik Hii and Sze, Pheng Ong and Kuan, Hon Lim and Abas, Faridah and Pin, Kar Yong (2020) Effects of drying on total polyphenols content and antioxidant properties of Carica papaya leaves. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 100 (7). 2932 - 2937. ISSN 0022-5142; ESSN: 1097-0010 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jsfa.10320 10.1002/jsfa.10320 |
| spellingShingle | Yap, Jing Ying Ching, Lik Hii Sze, Pheng Ong Kuan, Hon Lim Abas, Faridah Pin, Kar Yong Effects of drying on total polyphenols content and antioxidant properties of Carica papaya leaves |
| title | Effects of drying on total polyphenols content and antioxidant properties of Carica papaya leaves |
| title_full | Effects of drying on total polyphenols content and antioxidant properties of Carica papaya leaves |
| title_fullStr | Effects of drying on total polyphenols content and antioxidant properties of Carica papaya leaves |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of drying on total polyphenols content and antioxidant properties of Carica papaya leaves |
| title_short | Effects of drying on total polyphenols content and antioxidant properties of Carica papaya leaves |
| title_sort | effects of drying on total polyphenols content and antioxidant properties of carica papaya leaves |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88699/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88699/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88699/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88699/1/ABSTRACT.pdf |