Effect of surfactants on the lightning breakdown voltage of palm oil and coconut oil based Al2O3 nanofluids
In this paper, the effect of different types of surfactants on the lightning breakdown voltages of palm oil (PO) and coconut oil (CO) based aluminium oxide (Al2O3) nanofluids is investigated. Three different types of surfactants were used in this study known as cationic (cetyl trimethyl ammonium bro...
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Institute of Physics Publishing
2020
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88646/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88646/1/ABSTRACT.pdf |
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| author | Mohamad, Nur Aqilah Azis, Norhafiz Jasni, Jasronita Ab. Kadir, Mohd. Zainal Abidin Yunus, Robiah Yaakub, Zaini |
| author_facet | Mohamad, Nur Aqilah Azis, Norhafiz Jasni, Jasronita Ab. Kadir, Mohd. Zainal Abidin Yunus, Robiah Yaakub, Zaini |
| author_sort | Mohamad, Nur Aqilah |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | In this paper, the effect of different types of surfactants on the lightning breakdown voltages of palm oil (PO) and coconut oil (CO) based aluminium oxide (Al2O3) nanofluids is investigated. Three different types of surfactants were used in this study known as cationic (cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)), anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)) and non-ionic (oleic acid (OA)). The volume percentage concentrations of Al2O3 dispersed into PO and CO were varied from 0.001% to 0.05%. The ratio of surfactant to the nanoparticles was set to 50% from the volume concentration of nanoparticles which equivalent to 1:2. In total, two types of refined, bleached and deodorized palm oil (RBDPO) and one type of CO were examined for lightning breakdown voltage. The test was carried out based on needle-sphere electrodes configuration with 25 mm gap distance. The presence of Al2O3 improves both positive and negative lightning breakdown voltages of RBDPO and CO. Under the positive and negative polarities, the CTAB does provide further improvements on the lightning breakdown voltages of RBDPOA (1st type of samples) and CO at most of the volume of concentration of Al2O3. SDS and OA could also further improve the lightning breakdown voltage of CO at certain volume concentration of Al2O3. On the other hand, the lightning breakdown voltage of RBDPOB based Al2O3 nanofluid (2nd type of samples) does not further improve with the introduction of surfactants. At most of the volume concentration of Al2O3, the introduction of CTAB further increases the times to breakdown and decrease the average streamer velocities of RBDPOA under both polarities. The same finding is observed for CO under positive polarity with CTAB and SDS as well as under negative polarity in the presence of all surfactants. The streamer velocities and times to breakdown patterns of RBDPOB based Al2O3 nanofluid are inconsistent in the presence of all surfactants. It is found that RBDPO and CO based Al2O3 nanofluids have second mode of streamer whereby the streamer velocities are from 1 km s−1 to 1.63 km s−1 regardless with or without surfactants. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:48:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-88646 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:48:50Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | Institute of Physics Publishing |
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| spelling | upm-886462021-11-03T07:21:03Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88646/ Effect of surfactants on the lightning breakdown voltage of palm oil and coconut oil based Al2O3 nanofluids Mohamad, Nur Aqilah Azis, Norhafiz Jasni, Jasronita Ab. Kadir, Mohd. Zainal Abidin Yunus, Robiah Yaakub, Zaini In this paper, the effect of different types of surfactants on the lightning breakdown voltages of palm oil (PO) and coconut oil (CO) based aluminium oxide (Al2O3) nanofluids is investigated. Three different types of surfactants were used in this study known as cationic (cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)), anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)) and non-ionic (oleic acid (OA)). The volume percentage concentrations of Al2O3 dispersed into PO and CO were varied from 0.001% to 0.05%. The ratio of surfactant to the nanoparticles was set to 50% from the volume concentration of nanoparticles which equivalent to 1:2. In total, two types of refined, bleached and deodorized palm oil (RBDPO) and one type of CO were examined for lightning breakdown voltage. The test was carried out based on needle-sphere electrodes configuration with 25 mm gap distance. The presence of Al2O3 improves both positive and negative lightning breakdown voltages of RBDPO and CO. Under the positive and negative polarities, the CTAB does provide further improvements on the lightning breakdown voltages of RBDPOA (1st type of samples) and CO at most of the volume of concentration of Al2O3. SDS and OA could also further improve the lightning breakdown voltage of CO at certain volume concentration of Al2O3. On the other hand, the lightning breakdown voltage of RBDPOB based Al2O3 nanofluid (2nd type of samples) does not further improve with the introduction of surfactants. At most of the volume concentration of Al2O3, the introduction of CTAB further increases the times to breakdown and decrease the average streamer velocities of RBDPOA under both polarities. The same finding is observed for CO under positive polarity with CTAB and SDS as well as under negative polarity in the presence of all surfactants. The streamer velocities and times to breakdown patterns of RBDPOB based Al2O3 nanofluid are inconsistent in the presence of all surfactants. It is found that RBDPO and CO based Al2O3 nanofluids have second mode of streamer whereby the streamer velocities are from 1 km s−1 to 1.63 km s−1 regardless with or without surfactants. Institute of Physics Publishing 2020 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88646/1/ABSTRACT.pdf Mohamad, Nur Aqilah and Azis, Norhafiz and Jasni, Jasronita and Ab. Kadir, Mohd. Zainal Abidin and Yunus, Robiah and Yaakub, Zaini (2020) Effect of surfactants on the lightning breakdown voltage of palm oil and coconut oil based Al2O3 nanofluids. Nanotechnology, 31 (42). art. no. 425708. pp. 1-16. ISSN 0957-4484; ESSN: 1361-6528 https://iopscience.iop.org/article 10.1088/1361-6528/aba1b9 |
| spellingShingle | Mohamad, Nur Aqilah Azis, Norhafiz Jasni, Jasronita Ab. Kadir, Mohd. Zainal Abidin Yunus, Robiah Yaakub, Zaini Effect of surfactants on the lightning breakdown voltage of palm oil and coconut oil based Al2O3 nanofluids |
| title | Effect of surfactants on the lightning breakdown voltage of palm oil and coconut oil based Al2O3 nanofluids |
| title_full | Effect of surfactants on the lightning breakdown voltage of palm oil and coconut oil based Al2O3 nanofluids |
| title_fullStr | Effect of surfactants on the lightning breakdown voltage of palm oil and coconut oil based Al2O3 nanofluids |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of surfactants on the lightning breakdown voltage of palm oil and coconut oil based Al2O3 nanofluids |
| title_short | Effect of surfactants on the lightning breakdown voltage of palm oil and coconut oil based Al2O3 nanofluids |
| title_sort | effect of surfactants on the lightning breakdown voltage of palm oil and coconut oil based al2o3 nanofluids |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88646/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88646/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88646/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88646/1/ABSTRACT.pdf |