Cellular uptake and anti-inflammatory effects of palm oil-derived delta (δ)-tocotrienol in microglia
Tocopherols long dominated studies on vitamin E, although interest has shifted to tocotrienols. It was previously shown that δ-tocotrienol derived from palm oil reduced nitric oxide released by BV2 microglia as early as 18 h after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. The current study measured δ-tocotrie...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2020
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88103/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88103/1/ABSTRACT.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848860555502157824 |
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| author | Tan, Shi Wei Israf Ali, Daud Ahmad Khaza'ai, Huzwah Wong, Jia Woei Vidyadaran, Sharmili |
| author_facet | Tan, Shi Wei Israf Ali, Daud Ahmad Khaza'ai, Huzwah Wong, Jia Woei Vidyadaran, Sharmili |
| author_sort | Tan, Shi Wei |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Tocopherols long dominated studies on vitamin E, although interest has shifted to tocotrienols. It was previously shown that δ-tocotrienol derived from palm oil reduced nitric oxide released by BV2 microglia as early as 18 h after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. The current study measured δ-tocotrienol uptake by BV2 over a 24 h incubation period and its anti-inflammatory effects on primary microglia. Uptake of 17.5 μg/mL δ-tocotrienol by BV2 microglia began as early as 5 min and rose steeply to 21 ± 3% of the amount administered at 24 h. The amount of δ-tocotrienol retained in the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglia at 24 h was 14 ± 2%, with no substantial difference seen in unstimulated microglia. The same δ-tocotrienol regimen reduced nitric oxide levels by 82% at 24 h after lipopolysaccharide stimulation (p < 0.05). This was accompanied by decreased inducible nitric oxide synthase protein expression by 67 ± 5% compared to untreated controls (p < 0.05). In primary microglia, δ-tocotrienol downregulated IL-1β production, but TNF-α and IL-6 were not affected. δ-Tocotrienol also reduced prostaglandin E2 production by ~78%% and decreased transcription of COX-2 and 5-LOX, but not COX-1. This study showed the anti-inflammatory effects of δ-tocotrienol derived from palm oil and opens up interest for tocotrienol supplementation to reduce the effects of inflammatory conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:47:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-88103 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:47:06Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-881032022-05-18T07:01:48Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88103/ Cellular uptake and anti-inflammatory effects of palm oil-derived delta (δ)-tocotrienol in microglia Tan, Shi Wei Israf Ali, Daud Ahmad Khaza'ai, Huzwah Wong, Jia Woei Vidyadaran, Sharmili Tocopherols long dominated studies on vitamin E, although interest has shifted to tocotrienols. It was previously shown that δ-tocotrienol derived from palm oil reduced nitric oxide released by BV2 microglia as early as 18 h after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. The current study measured δ-tocotrienol uptake by BV2 over a 24 h incubation period and its anti-inflammatory effects on primary microglia. Uptake of 17.5 μg/mL δ-tocotrienol by BV2 microglia began as early as 5 min and rose steeply to 21 ± 3% of the amount administered at 24 h. The amount of δ-tocotrienol retained in the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglia at 24 h was 14 ± 2%, with no substantial difference seen in unstimulated microglia. The same δ-tocotrienol regimen reduced nitric oxide levels by 82% at 24 h after lipopolysaccharide stimulation (p < 0.05). This was accompanied by decreased inducible nitric oxide synthase protein expression by 67 ± 5% compared to untreated controls (p < 0.05). In primary microglia, δ-tocotrienol downregulated IL-1β production, but TNF-α and IL-6 were not affected. δ-Tocotrienol also reduced prostaglandin E2 production by ~78%% and decreased transcription of COX-2 and 5-LOX, but not COX-1. This study showed the anti-inflammatory effects of δ-tocotrienol derived from palm oil and opens up interest for tocotrienol supplementation to reduce the effects of inflammatory conditions. Elsevier 2020 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88103/1/ABSTRACT.pdf Tan, Shi Wei and Israf Ali, Daud Ahmad and Khaza'ai, Huzwah and Wong, Jia Woei and Vidyadaran, Sharmili (2020) Cellular uptake and anti-inflammatory effects of palm oil-derived delta (δ)-tocotrienol in microglia. Cellular Immunology, 357. art. no. 104200. pp. 1-10. ISSN 0008-8749 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0008874920303609 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104200 |
| spellingShingle | Tan, Shi Wei Israf Ali, Daud Ahmad Khaza'ai, Huzwah Wong, Jia Woei Vidyadaran, Sharmili Cellular uptake and anti-inflammatory effects of palm oil-derived delta (δ)-tocotrienol in microglia |
| title | Cellular uptake and anti-inflammatory effects of palm oil-derived delta (δ)-tocotrienol in microglia |
| title_full | Cellular uptake and anti-inflammatory effects of palm oil-derived delta (δ)-tocotrienol in microglia |
| title_fullStr | Cellular uptake and anti-inflammatory effects of palm oil-derived delta (δ)-tocotrienol in microglia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cellular uptake and anti-inflammatory effects of palm oil-derived delta (δ)-tocotrienol in microglia |
| title_short | Cellular uptake and anti-inflammatory effects of palm oil-derived delta (δ)-tocotrienol in microglia |
| title_sort | cellular uptake and anti-inflammatory effects of palm oil-derived delta (δ)-tocotrienol in microglia |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88103/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88103/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88103/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88103/1/ABSTRACT.pdf |