Botanical origin and nutritional values of bee bread of stingless bee (Heterotrigona itama) from Malaysia
Bee bread is the bee-collected pollen with the mixture of honey and bee salivary enzymes, stored inside the bee hive. Malaysia has limited information on bee bread collected by the stingless bee Heterotrigona itama. Therefore, this study aims to determine the botanical origin and nutritional values...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Hindawi
2020
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88055/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88055/1/ABSTRACT.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848860546158297088 |
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| author | Mohammad, Salma Malihah Mahmud Ab Rashid, Nor Khaizura Zawawi, Norhasnida |
| author_facet | Mohammad, Salma Malihah Mahmud Ab Rashid, Nor Khaizura Zawawi, Norhasnida |
| author_sort | Mohammad, Salma Malihah |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Bee bread is the bee-collected pollen with the mixture of honey and bee salivary enzymes, stored inside the bee hive. Malaysia has limited information on bee bread collected by the stingless bee Heterotrigona itama. Therefore, this study aims to determine the botanical origin and nutritional values of bee bread from H. itama. Melissopalynological analysis was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine the bee bread’s botanical origin. The proximate analysis, water activity, sugar profile, amino acid profile, vitamin C content, mineral content, and heavy metal content of the bee bread were analyzed. From the results obtained, Bidens pilosa was found in bee bread from all sampling locations. Bee bread contained high protein (21.70–23.33%) and carbohydrate (57.06–58.89%) contents. Glucose was the predominant sugar found (average 11.499 g/100 g). Eight essential amino acids were quantified, and arginine was detected the highest. The major mineral element in the bee bread was potassium (average 6705.9 mg/kg), followed by phosphorus and magnesium. Toxic metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic were detected but within the safe limits permitted in food. The data obtained contribute towards expanding the knowledge on the nutritional information specifically for H. itama bee bread in Malaysia. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:46:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-88055 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:46:57Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | Hindawi |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-880552022-05-24T04:07:57Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88055/ Botanical origin and nutritional values of bee bread of stingless bee (Heterotrigona itama) from Malaysia Mohammad, Salma Malihah Mahmud Ab Rashid, Nor Khaizura Zawawi, Norhasnida Bee bread is the bee-collected pollen with the mixture of honey and bee salivary enzymes, stored inside the bee hive. Malaysia has limited information on bee bread collected by the stingless bee Heterotrigona itama. Therefore, this study aims to determine the botanical origin and nutritional values of bee bread from H. itama. Melissopalynological analysis was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine the bee bread’s botanical origin. The proximate analysis, water activity, sugar profile, amino acid profile, vitamin C content, mineral content, and heavy metal content of the bee bread were analyzed. From the results obtained, Bidens pilosa was found in bee bread from all sampling locations. Bee bread contained high protein (21.70–23.33%) and carbohydrate (57.06–58.89%) contents. Glucose was the predominant sugar found (average 11.499 g/100 g). Eight essential amino acids were quantified, and arginine was detected the highest. The major mineral element in the bee bread was potassium (average 6705.9 mg/kg), followed by phosphorus and magnesium. Toxic metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic were detected but within the safe limits permitted in food. The data obtained contribute towards expanding the knowledge on the nutritional information specifically for H. itama bee bread in Malaysia. Hindawi 2020 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88055/1/ABSTRACT.pdf Mohammad, Salma Malihah and Mahmud Ab Rashid, Nor Khaizura and Zawawi, Norhasnida (2020) Botanical origin and nutritional values of bee bread of stingless bee (Heterotrigona itama) from Malaysia. Journal of Food Quality, 2020. pp. 1-12. ISSN 0146-9428; ESSN: 1745-4557 https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jfq/2020/2845757/ 10.1155/2020/2845757 |
| spellingShingle | Mohammad, Salma Malihah Mahmud Ab Rashid, Nor Khaizura Zawawi, Norhasnida Botanical origin and nutritional values of bee bread of stingless bee (Heterotrigona itama) from Malaysia |
| title | Botanical origin and nutritional values of bee bread of stingless bee (Heterotrigona itama) from Malaysia |
| title_full | Botanical origin and nutritional values of bee bread of stingless bee (Heterotrigona itama) from Malaysia |
| title_fullStr | Botanical origin and nutritional values of bee bread of stingless bee (Heterotrigona itama) from Malaysia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Botanical origin and nutritional values of bee bread of stingless bee (Heterotrigona itama) from Malaysia |
| title_short | Botanical origin and nutritional values of bee bread of stingless bee (Heterotrigona itama) from Malaysia |
| title_sort | botanical origin and nutritional values of bee bread of stingless bee (heterotrigona itama) from malaysia |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88055/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88055/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88055/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88055/1/ABSTRACT.pdf |