Associations of nutritional status, sugar and second-hand smoke exposure with dental caries among 3- to 6-year old Malaysian pre-schoolers: a cross-sectional study
Background: Dental caries in primary teeth is a serious oral health concern among children. It can lead to detrimental impacts on a child’s growth, development, and quality of life. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to examine the prevalence of dental caries and its associations with nutri...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BioMed Central
2020
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/87979/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/87979/1/ABSTRACT.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848860532291928064 |
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| author | Lee, Zhi Ling Gan, Wan Ying Lim, Poh Ying Hasan, Ruhaya Lim, Sing Ying |
| author_facet | Lee, Zhi Ling Gan, Wan Ying Lim, Poh Ying Hasan, Ruhaya Lim, Sing Ying |
| author_sort | Lee, Zhi Ling |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Background: Dental caries in primary teeth is a serious oral health concern among children. It can lead to detrimental impacts on a child’s growth, development, and quality of life. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to examine the prevalence of dental caries and its associations with nutritional status, sugar and second-hand smoke exposure among pre-schoolers. Methods: A total of 26 pre-schools in Seremban, Malaysia were randomly selected using the probability proportional to size sampling. Dental examination was performed by a dentist to record the number of decayed teeth (dt). Weight and height of the pre-schoolers were measured. The mother-administered questionnaire was used to gather information pertaining to the sociodemographic characteristics and second-hand smoke exposure. Total sugar exposure was calculated from a 3-day food record. Results: Among the 396 participating pre-schoolers, 63.4% of them had at least one untreated caries, with a mean ± SD dt score of 3.56 ± 4.57. Negative binomial regression analysis revealed that being a boy (adjusted mean ratio = 1.42, 95% CI = 0.005–0.698, p = 0.047), exposed to second-hand smoke (adjusted mean ratio = 1.67, 95% CI = 0.168–0.857, p = 0.004) and those who had more than 6 times of daily total sugar exposure (adjusted mean ratio = 1.93, 95% CI = 0.138–0.857, p = 0.013) were significantly associated with dental caries among pre-schoolers. Conclusion: A high prevalence of dental caries was reported in this study. This study highlights the need to reduce exposure to second-hand smoke and practice healthy eating behaviours in reducing the risk of dental caries among pre-schoolers. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:46:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-87979 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:46:44Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | BioMed Central |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-879792022-05-24T07:32:31Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/87979/ Associations of nutritional status, sugar and second-hand smoke exposure with dental caries among 3- to 6-year old Malaysian pre-schoolers: a cross-sectional study Lee, Zhi Ling Gan, Wan Ying Lim, Poh Ying Hasan, Ruhaya Lim, Sing Ying Background: Dental caries in primary teeth is a serious oral health concern among children. It can lead to detrimental impacts on a child’s growth, development, and quality of life. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to examine the prevalence of dental caries and its associations with nutritional status, sugar and second-hand smoke exposure among pre-schoolers. Methods: A total of 26 pre-schools in Seremban, Malaysia were randomly selected using the probability proportional to size sampling. Dental examination was performed by a dentist to record the number of decayed teeth (dt). Weight and height of the pre-schoolers were measured. The mother-administered questionnaire was used to gather information pertaining to the sociodemographic characteristics and second-hand smoke exposure. Total sugar exposure was calculated from a 3-day food record. Results: Among the 396 participating pre-schoolers, 63.4% of them had at least one untreated caries, with a mean ± SD dt score of 3.56 ± 4.57. Negative binomial regression analysis revealed that being a boy (adjusted mean ratio = 1.42, 95% CI = 0.005–0.698, p = 0.047), exposed to second-hand smoke (adjusted mean ratio = 1.67, 95% CI = 0.168–0.857, p = 0.004) and those who had more than 6 times of daily total sugar exposure (adjusted mean ratio = 1.93, 95% CI = 0.138–0.857, p = 0.013) were significantly associated with dental caries among pre-schoolers. Conclusion: A high prevalence of dental caries was reported in this study. This study highlights the need to reduce exposure to second-hand smoke and practice healthy eating behaviours in reducing the risk of dental caries among pre-schoolers. BioMed Central 2020 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/87979/1/ABSTRACT.pdf Lee, Zhi Ling and Gan, Wan Ying and Lim, Poh Ying and Hasan, Ruhaya and Lim, Sing Ying (2020) Associations of nutritional status, sugar and second-hand smoke exposure with dental caries among 3- to 6-year old Malaysian pre-schoolers: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health, 20. art. no. 164. pp. 1-9. ISSN 1472-6831 https://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12903-020-01152-0 10.1186/s12903-020-01152-0 |
| spellingShingle | Lee, Zhi Ling Gan, Wan Ying Lim, Poh Ying Hasan, Ruhaya Lim, Sing Ying Associations of nutritional status, sugar and second-hand smoke exposure with dental caries among 3- to 6-year old Malaysian pre-schoolers: a cross-sectional study |
| title | Associations of nutritional status, sugar and second-hand smoke exposure with dental caries among 3- to 6-year old Malaysian pre-schoolers: a cross-sectional study |
| title_full | Associations of nutritional status, sugar and second-hand smoke exposure with dental caries among 3- to 6-year old Malaysian pre-schoolers: a cross-sectional study |
| title_fullStr | Associations of nutritional status, sugar and second-hand smoke exposure with dental caries among 3- to 6-year old Malaysian pre-schoolers: a cross-sectional study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Associations of nutritional status, sugar and second-hand smoke exposure with dental caries among 3- to 6-year old Malaysian pre-schoolers: a cross-sectional study |
| title_short | Associations of nutritional status, sugar and second-hand smoke exposure with dental caries among 3- to 6-year old Malaysian pre-schoolers: a cross-sectional study |
| title_sort | associations of nutritional status, sugar and second-hand smoke exposure with dental caries among 3- to 6-year old malaysian pre-schoolers: a cross-sectional study |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/87979/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/87979/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/87979/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/87979/1/ABSTRACT.pdf |