Antifungal activity and phytochemical screening of Vernonia amygdalina extract against Botrytis cinerea causing gray mold disease on tomato fruits
Gray mold disease caused by Botrytis cinerea is a damaging postharvest disease in tomato plants, and it is known to be a limiting factor in tomato production. This study aimed to evaluate antifungal activities of Vernonia amygdalina leaf extracts against B. cinerea and to screen the phytochemical co...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2020
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/87693/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/87693/1/ABSTRACT.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848860483817308160 |
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| author | Yusoff, Siti Fairuz Haron, Farah Farhanah Mohamed, Mahmud Tengku Muda Asib, Norhayu Sakimin, Siti Zaharah Abu Kassim, Faizah Ismail, Siti Izera |
| author_facet | Yusoff, Siti Fairuz Haron, Farah Farhanah Mohamed, Mahmud Tengku Muda Asib, Norhayu Sakimin, Siti Zaharah Abu Kassim, Faizah Ismail, Siti Izera |
| author_sort | Yusoff, Siti Fairuz |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Gray mold disease caused by Botrytis cinerea is a damaging postharvest disease in tomato plants, and it is known to be a limiting factor in tomato production. This study aimed to evaluate antifungal activities of Vernonia amygdalina leaf extracts against B. cinerea and to screen the phytochemical compound in the crude extract that had the highest antifungal activity. In this study, crude extracts of hexane, dichloromethane, methanol, and water extracts with concentration levels at 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mg/mL were shown to significantly affect the inhibition of B. cinerea. Among the crude extracts, dichloromethane extract was shown to be the most potent in terms of antifungal activities. The SEM observation proved that the treatment altered the fungal morphology, which leads to fungal growth inhibition. For the in vivo bioassay, the fruits treated with dichloromethane extract at 400 and 500 mg/mL showed the lowest disease incidence with mild severity of infection. There were 23 chemical compounds identified in V. amygdalina dichloromethane extract using GCMS analysis. The top five major compounds were dominated by squalene (16.92%), phytol (15.05%), triacontane (11.31%), heptacosane (7.14%), and neophytadiene (6.28%). Some of these significant compounds possess high antifungal activities. This study proved that V. amygdalina from dichloromethane extract could be useful for inhibiting gray mold disease on tomato fruit and has potential as a natural antifungal agent. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:45:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-87693 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:45:57Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-876932022-07-06T04:46:10Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/87693/ Antifungal activity and phytochemical screening of Vernonia amygdalina extract against Botrytis cinerea causing gray mold disease on tomato fruits Yusoff, Siti Fairuz Haron, Farah Farhanah Mohamed, Mahmud Tengku Muda Asib, Norhayu Sakimin, Siti Zaharah Abu Kassim, Faizah Ismail, Siti Izera Gray mold disease caused by Botrytis cinerea is a damaging postharvest disease in tomato plants, and it is known to be a limiting factor in tomato production. This study aimed to evaluate antifungal activities of Vernonia amygdalina leaf extracts against B. cinerea and to screen the phytochemical compound in the crude extract that had the highest antifungal activity. In this study, crude extracts of hexane, dichloromethane, methanol, and water extracts with concentration levels at 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mg/mL were shown to significantly affect the inhibition of B. cinerea. Among the crude extracts, dichloromethane extract was shown to be the most potent in terms of antifungal activities. The SEM observation proved that the treatment altered the fungal morphology, which leads to fungal growth inhibition. For the in vivo bioassay, the fruits treated with dichloromethane extract at 400 and 500 mg/mL showed the lowest disease incidence with mild severity of infection. There were 23 chemical compounds identified in V. amygdalina dichloromethane extract using GCMS analysis. The top five major compounds were dominated by squalene (16.92%), phytol (15.05%), triacontane (11.31%), heptacosane (7.14%), and neophytadiene (6.28%). Some of these significant compounds possess high antifungal activities. This study proved that V. amygdalina from dichloromethane extract could be useful for inhibiting gray mold disease on tomato fruit and has potential as a natural antifungal agent. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2020 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/87693/1/ABSTRACT.pdf Yusoff, Siti Fairuz and Haron, Farah Farhanah and Mohamed, Mahmud Tengku Muda and Asib, Norhayu and Sakimin, Siti Zaharah and Abu Kassim, Faizah and Ismail, Siti Izera (2020) Antifungal activity and phytochemical screening of Vernonia amygdalina extract against Botrytis cinerea causing gray mold disease on tomato fruits. Biology, 9 (9). art. no. 286. pp. 1-14. ISSN 2079-7737 https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/9/9/286 10.3390/biology9090286 |
| spellingShingle | Yusoff, Siti Fairuz Haron, Farah Farhanah Mohamed, Mahmud Tengku Muda Asib, Norhayu Sakimin, Siti Zaharah Abu Kassim, Faizah Ismail, Siti Izera Antifungal activity and phytochemical screening of Vernonia amygdalina extract against Botrytis cinerea causing gray mold disease on tomato fruits |
| title | Antifungal activity and phytochemical screening of Vernonia amygdalina extract against Botrytis cinerea causing gray mold disease on tomato fruits |
| title_full | Antifungal activity and phytochemical screening of Vernonia amygdalina extract against Botrytis cinerea causing gray mold disease on tomato fruits |
| title_fullStr | Antifungal activity and phytochemical screening of Vernonia amygdalina extract against Botrytis cinerea causing gray mold disease on tomato fruits |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antifungal activity and phytochemical screening of Vernonia amygdalina extract against Botrytis cinerea causing gray mold disease on tomato fruits |
| title_short | Antifungal activity and phytochemical screening of Vernonia amygdalina extract against Botrytis cinerea causing gray mold disease on tomato fruits |
| title_sort | antifungal activity and phytochemical screening of vernonia amygdalina extract against botrytis cinerea causing gray mold disease on tomato fruits |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/87693/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/87693/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/87693/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/87693/1/ABSTRACT.pdf |