Revising degumming and bleaching processes of palm oil refining for the mitigation of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters (GE) contents in refined palm oil
Corresponding the high presence of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters (GE) in refined palm oil, this paper re-evaluated degumming and bleaching processes of physical palm oil refining to reduce the amount of said contaminants. Separation-free water degumming was incorp...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier Ltd
2020
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/87488/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/87488/1/87488.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848860448461422592 |
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| author | Hew, Khai Shin Asis, Ahmad Jaril Tan, Tai Boon Mat Yusoff, Masni Lai, Oi Ming Nehdi, Imeddedine Arbi Tan, Chin Ping |
| author_facet | Hew, Khai Shin Asis, Ahmad Jaril Tan, Tai Boon Mat Yusoff, Masni Lai, Oi Ming Nehdi, Imeddedine Arbi Tan, Chin Ping |
| author_sort | Hew, Khai Shin |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Corresponding the high presence of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters (GE) in refined palm oil, this paper re-evaluated degumming and bleaching processes of physical palm oil refining to reduce the amount of said contaminants. Separation-free water degumming was incorporated into the process, and this significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the esters content without compromising other oil qualities. Different types of bleaching earth (BE) were dosed at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% to investigate their effects on the esters formation. Results showed that different type of BE had their own optimal dosage for minimum esters formation. Surface acidity was confirmed as the key performance determinant of BE in mitigation of 3-MCPDE and GE in oil rather than the porosity profile. Specifically, BE with high acidity should be avoided, but slightly acidic BE (pH ≃ 5) was found to provide the greatest reduction of esters as compared to natural and neutral activated BE. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:45:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-87488 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:45:24Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | Elsevier Ltd |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-874882025-02-12T04:23:14Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/87488/ Revising degumming and bleaching processes of palm oil refining for the mitigation of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters (GE) contents in refined palm oil Hew, Khai Shin Asis, Ahmad Jaril Tan, Tai Boon Mat Yusoff, Masni Lai, Oi Ming Nehdi, Imeddedine Arbi Tan, Chin Ping Corresponding the high presence of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters (GE) in refined palm oil, this paper re-evaluated degumming and bleaching processes of physical palm oil refining to reduce the amount of said contaminants. Separation-free water degumming was incorporated into the process, and this significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the esters content without compromising other oil qualities. Different types of bleaching earth (BE) were dosed at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% to investigate their effects on the esters formation. Results showed that different type of BE had their own optimal dosage for minimum esters formation. Surface acidity was confirmed as the key performance determinant of BE in mitigation of 3-MCPDE and GE in oil rather than the porosity profile. Specifically, BE with high acidity should be avoided, but slightly acidic BE (pH ≃ 5) was found to provide the greatest reduction of esters as compared to natural and neutral activated BE. Elsevier Ltd 2020-03-01 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/87488/1/87488.pdf Hew, Khai Shin and Asis, Ahmad Jaril and Tan, Tai Boon and Mat Yusoff, Masni and Lai, Oi Ming and Nehdi, Imeddedine Arbi and Tan, Chin Ping (2020) Revising degumming and bleaching processes of palm oil refining for the mitigation of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters (GE) contents in refined palm oil. Food Chemistry, 307. art. no. 125545. ISSN 0308-8146; eISSN: 1873-7072 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0308814619316693 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125545 |
| spellingShingle | Hew, Khai Shin Asis, Ahmad Jaril Tan, Tai Boon Mat Yusoff, Masni Lai, Oi Ming Nehdi, Imeddedine Arbi Tan, Chin Ping Revising degumming and bleaching processes of palm oil refining for the mitigation of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters (GE) contents in refined palm oil |
| title | Revising degumming and bleaching processes of palm oil refining for the mitigation of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters (GE) contents in refined palm oil |
| title_full | Revising degumming and bleaching processes of palm oil refining for the mitigation of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters (GE) contents in refined palm oil |
| title_fullStr | Revising degumming and bleaching processes of palm oil refining for the mitigation of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters (GE) contents in refined palm oil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Revising degumming and bleaching processes of palm oil refining for the mitigation of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters (GE) contents in refined palm oil |
| title_short | Revising degumming and bleaching processes of palm oil refining for the mitigation of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters (GE) contents in refined palm oil |
| title_sort | revising degumming and bleaching processes of palm oil refining for the mitigation of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-mcpde) and glycidyl esters (ge) contents in refined palm oil |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/87488/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/87488/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/87488/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/87488/1/87488.pdf |