Phytochemical analysis of ionic liquid-Graviola (Annona muricata) fruit extract and its acute toxicity on zebrafish early-life stages
Annona muricata, commonly known as soursop and Graviola, is a member of the Annonaceae family. Some of its phytochemicals were reported to have a neurotoxicity effect causing neurodegenerative diseases. However, different parts of this tree have been used for ages in traditional medicine due to thei...
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| Format: | Article |
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Malaysian Society For Molecular Biology & Biotechnology
2020
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/87187/ |
| _version_ | 1848860382349754368 |
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| author | Daddiouaissa, Djabir Amid, Azura Ahmad, Syahida M. Elnour, Ahmed A. |
| author_facet | Daddiouaissa, Djabir Amid, Azura Ahmad, Syahida M. Elnour, Ahmed A. |
| author_sort | Daddiouaissa, Djabir |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Annona muricata, commonly known as soursop and Graviola, is a member of the Annonaceae family. Some of its phytochemicals were reported to have a neurotoxicity effect causing neurodegenerative diseases. However, different parts of this tree have been used for ages in traditional medicine due to their biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer effects. This study aimed to qualitatively screen the crude ionic liquid-Graviola fruit extract (IL-GFE) phytochemical composition, assess its acute toxicity and determine the lethal concentrations using zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. IL-GFE contains acetogenins, alkaloids, phenols, terpenoids, tannins and flavonoids. Acute toxicity effects of IL-GFE on zebrafish embryos were observed from 24 to 120 hours of post fertilisation (hpf). The survival rate, LC50, sublethal endpoints and effect of IL-GFE on the heart rate of zebrafish larvae were assessed. Results showed that the lethal concentration (LC50) of the crude IL-GFE was 173.45 μg/mL. Interestingly, no significant changes on the morphology of the treated zebrafish were observed at a concentration of 125 μg/mL. However, the heart rate of zebrafish larvae at 96 hpf was significantly decreased by 33.76% after treated with crude IL-GFE at 125 µg/mL (119.00 ± 4.72 beats/min) as compared to the untreated group (179.67 ± 4.66 beats/min). This preliminary finding showed that crude ionic liquid-Graviola fruit extract and its phytoconstituents might have the potential to be developed as a food supplement or herbal product. However, further tests need to be conducted to evaluate its medicinal properties and adverse effects on organisms of higher orders. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:44:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-87187 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:44:21Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | Malaysian Society For Molecular Biology & Biotechnology |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-871872024-05-27T07:15:32Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/87187/ Phytochemical analysis of ionic liquid-Graviola (Annona muricata) fruit extract and its acute toxicity on zebrafish early-life stages Daddiouaissa, Djabir Amid, Azura Ahmad, Syahida M. Elnour, Ahmed A. Annona muricata, commonly known as soursop and Graviola, is a member of the Annonaceae family. Some of its phytochemicals were reported to have a neurotoxicity effect causing neurodegenerative diseases. However, different parts of this tree have been used for ages in traditional medicine due to their biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer effects. This study aimed to qualitatively screen the crude ionic liquid-Graviola fruit extract (IL-GFE) phytochemical composition, assess its acute toxicity and determine the lethal concentrations using zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. IL-GFE contains acetogenins, alkaloids, phenols, terpenoids, tannins and flavonoids. Acute toxicity effects of IL-GFE on zebrafish embryos were observed from 24 to 120 hours of post fertilisation (hpf). The survival rate, LC50, sublethal endpoints and effect of IL-GFE on the heart rate of zebrafish larvae were assessed. Results showed that the lethal concentration (LC50) of the crude IL-GFE was 173.45 μg/mL. Interestingly, no significant changes on the morphology of the treated zebrafish were observed at a concentration of 125 μg/mL. However, the heart rate of zebrafish larvae at 96 hpf was significantly decreased by 33.76% after treated with crude IL-GFE at 125 µg/mL (119.00 ± 4.72 beats/min) as compared to the untreated group (179.67 ± 4.66 beats/min). This preliminary finding showed that crude ionic liquid-Graviola fruit extract and its phytoconstituents might have the potential to be developed as a food supplement or herbal product. However, further tests need to be conducted to evaluate its medicinal properties and adverse effects on organisms of higher orders. Malaysian Society For Molecular Biology & Biotechnology 2020 Article PeerReviewed Daddiouaissa, Djabir and Amid, Azura and Ahmad, Syahida and M. Elnour, Ahmed A. (2020) Phytochemical analysis of ionic liquid-Graviola (Annona muricata) fruit extract and its acute toxicity on zebrafish early-life stages. Asia Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 28 (2). 113 - 124. ISSN 0128-7451; ESSN: 2672-7277 https://www.msmbb.my/index.php/archive-issues/18-apjmbb/451-archive-issue-28 10.35118/apjmbb.2020.028.2.10 |
| spellingShingle | Daddiouaissa, Djabir Amid, Azura Ahmad, Syahida M. Elnour, Ahmed A. Phytochemical analysis of ionic liquid-Graviola (Annona muricata) fruit extract and its acute toxicity on zebrafish early-life stages |
| title | Phytochemical analysis of ionic liquid-Graviola (Annona muricata) fruit extract and its acute toxicity on zebrafish early-life stages |
| title_full | Phytochemical analysis of ionic liquid-Graviola (Annona muricata) fruit extract and its acute toxicity on zebrafish early-life stages |
| title_fullStr | Phytochemical analysis of ionic liquid-Graviola (Annona muricata) fruit extract and its acute toxicity on zebrafish early-life stages |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phytochemical analysis of ionic liquid-Graviola (Annona muricata) fruit extract and its acute toxicity on zebrafish early-life stages |
| title_short | Phytochemical analysis of ionic liquid-Graviola (Annona muricata) fruit extract and its acute toxicity on zebrafish early-life stages |
| title_sort | phytochemical analysis of ionic liquid-graviola (annona muricata) fruit extract and its acute toxicity on zebrafish early-life stages |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/87187/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/87187/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/87187/ |