Mitigation of 3-MCPD esters and glycidyl esters during the physical refining process of palm oil by micro and macro laboratory scale refining
The reduction of the 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters (GE) was successfully achieved by the optimization of four processing parameters: phosphoric acid dosage, degumming temperature, bleaching earth dosage, and deodorization temperature by response surface methodolog...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2020
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/86770/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/86770/1/Mitigation%20of%203.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848860283407171584 |
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| author | Sim, Biow Ing Khor, Yih Phing Lai, Oi Ming Yeoh, Chee Beng Wang, Yong Liu, Yuanfa Nehdi, Imededdine Arbi Tan, Chin Ping |
| author_facet | Sim, Biow Ing Khor, Yih Phing Lai, Oi Ming Yeoh, Chee Beng Wang, Yong Liu, Yuanfa Nehdi, Imededdine Arbi Tan, Chin Ping |
| author_sort | Sim, Biow Ing |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The reduction of the 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters (GE) was successfully achieved by the optimization of four processing parameters: phosphoric acid dosage, degumming temperature, bleaching earth dosage, and deodorization temperature by response surface methodology without the need for additional processing steps. The optimized processing conditions were 0.31% phosphoric acid dosage, 50 °C degumming temperature, 3% bleaching earth dosage, and 240 °C deodorization temperature. The optimization resulted in more than 80% and 65% reduction of 3-MCPDE and GE levels, respectively with color and FFA contents maintained in the acceptable range specified by Palm Oil Refiners Association of Malaysia. The optimized refining condition was transferred to macro scale refining units of 1 kg and 3 kg capacities to investigate its successful application during scale-up process. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:42:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-86770 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:42:46Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-867702021-11-16T03:46:47Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/86770/ Mitigation of 3-MCPD esters and glycidyl esters during the physical refining process of palm oil by micro and macro laboratory scale refining Sim, Biow Ing Khor, Yih Phing Lai, Oi Ming Yeoh, Chee Beng Wang, Yong Liu, Yuanfa Nehdi, Imededdine Arbi Tan, Chin Ping The reduction of the 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters (GE) was successfully achieved by the optimization of four processing parameters: phosphoric acid dosage, degumming temperature, bleaching earth dosage, and deodorization temperature by response surface methodology without the need for additional processing steps. The optimized processing conditions were 0.31% phosphoric acid dosage, 50 °C degumming temperature, 3% bleaching earth dosage, and 240 °C deodorization temperature. The optimization resulted in more than 80% and 65% reduction of 3-MCPDE and GE levels, respectively with color and FFA contents maintained in the acceptable range specified by Palm Oil Refiners Association of Malaysia. The optimized refining condition was transferred to macro scale refining units of 1 kg and 3 kg capacities to investigate its successful application during scale-up process. Elsevier 2020-10-30 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/86770/1/Mitigation%20of%203.pdf Sim, Biow Ing and Khor, Yih Phing and Lai, Oi Ming and Yeoh, Chee Beng and Wang, Yong and Liu, Yuanfa and Nehdi, Imededdine Arbi and Tan, Chin Ping (2020) Mitigation of 3-MCPD esters and glycidyl esters during the physical refining process of palm oil by micro and macro laboratory scale refining. Food Chemistry, 328. art. no. 127147. pp. 1-7. ISSN 0308-8146; ESSN: 1873-7072 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0308814620310098 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127147 |
| spellingShingle | Sim, Biow Ing Khor, Yih Phing Lai, Oi Ming Yeoh, Chee Beng Wang, Yong Liu, Yuanfa Nehdi, Imededdine Arbi Tan, Chin Ping Mitigation of 3-MCPD esters and glycidyl esters during the physical refining process of palm oil by micro and macro laboratory scale refining |
| title | Mitigation of 3-MCPD esters and glycidyl esters during the physical refining process of palm oil by micro and macro laboratory scale refining |
| title_full | Mitigation of 3-MCPD esters and glycidyl esters during the physical refining process of palm oil by micro and macro laboratory scale refining |
| title_fullStr | Mitigation of 3-MCPD esters and glycidyl esters during the physical refining process of palm oil by micro and macro laboratory scale refining |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mitigation of 3-MCPD esters and glycidyl esters during the physical refining process of palm oil by micro and macro laboratory scale refining |
| title_short | Mitigation of 3-MCPD esters and glycidyl esters during the physical refining process of palm oil by micro and macro laboratory scale refining |
| title_sort | mitigation of 3-mcpd esters and glycidyl esters during the physical refining process of palm oil by micro and macro laboratory scale refining |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/86770/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/86770/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/86770/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/86770/1/Mitigation%20of%203.pdf |