Preparation and characterization of semi-flexible substrate from natural fiber/ nickel oxide/polycaprolactone composite for microstrip patch antenna circuitries for microwave applications
The study intended to utilizing waste organic fiber for low-cost semi-flexible substrate fabrication to develop microstrip patch antennas for low band communication applications. All the semi-flexible substrates (12.2 wt. % OPEFF/87.8 wt. % PCL, 12.2 wt. % NiO/87.8 wt. % PCL, and 25 wt. % OPEFF/25 w...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI
2020
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/86666/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/86666/1/Preparation%20and%20characterization%20of%20semi-flexible.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848860258274902016 |
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| author | Ahmad, Ahmad Fahad Abd. Aziz, Sidek Yaakob, Yazid Abd Ali, Ammar Issa, Nour Attallah |
| author_facet | Ahmad, Ahmad Fahad Abd. Aziz, Sidek Yaakob, Yazid Abd Ali, Ammar Issa, Nour Attallah |
| author_sort | Ahmad, Ahmad Fahad |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The study intended to utilizing waste organic fiber for low-cost semi-flexible substrate fabrication to develop microstrip patch antennas for low band communication applications. All the semi-flexible substrates (12.2 wt. % OPEFF/87.8 wt. % PCL, 12.2 wt. % NiO/87.8 wt. % PCL, and 25 wt. % OPEFF/25 wt. % NiO/50 wt. % PCL) were fabricated by oil palm empty fruit fiber (OPEFF) mixed with nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles reinforced with polycaprolactone (PCL) as a matrix using a Thermo Haake blending machine. The morphology and crystalized structure of the substrates were tested using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, X-ray diffraction (X-RD) technique, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The thermal stability behavior of the substrates was analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) thermogram. The dielectric properties were characterized by an open-ended coaxial probe (OEC) connected with Agilent N5230A PNA-L Network Analyzer included the 85070E2 dielectric software at frequency range of 8 to 12 GHz. The experimental results showed that NiO/OPEFF/PCL composites exhibit controllable permittivity dielectric constant ε′r(f) between 1.89 and 4.2 (Farad/meter, (F/m)), with loss factor ε''r(f) between 0.08 and 0.62 F/m, and loss tangent (tan δ) between 0.05 and 0.18. Return losses measurement of the three patch antennas OPEFF/PCL, NiO/PCL, and OPEFF/NiO/PCL are −11.93, −14.2 and −16.3 dB respectively. Finally, the commercial software package, Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio (CSTMWS), was used to investigate the antenna performance by simulate S-parameters based on the measured dielectric parameters. A negligible difference is found between the measured and simulated results. Finally, the results obtained encourage the possibility of using natural fibers and nickel oxide in preparation of the substrates utilize at microwave applications. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:42:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-86666 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:42:22Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | MDPI |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-866662022-01-24T11:15:58Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/86666/ Preparation and characterization of semi-flexible substrate from natural fiber/ nickel oxide/polycaprolactone composite for microstrip patch antenna circuitries for microwave applications Ahmad, Ahmad Fahad Abd. Aziz, Sidek Yaakob, Yazid Abd Ali, Ammar Issa, Nour Attallah The study intended to utilizing waste organic fiber for low-cost semi-flexible substrate fabrication to develop microstrip patch antennas for low band communication applications. All the semi-flexible substrates (12.2 wt. % OPEFF/87.8 wt. % PCL, 12.2 wt. % NiO/87.8 wt. % PCL, and 25 wt. % OPEFF/25 wt. % NiO/50 wt. % PCL) were fabricated by oil palm empty fruit fiber (OPEFF) mixed with nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles reinforced with polycaprolactone (PCL) as a matrix using a Thermo Haake blending machine. The morphology and crystalized structure of the substrates were tested using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, X-ray diffraction (X-RD) technique, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The thermal stability behavior of the substrates was analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) thermogram. The dielectric properties were characterized by an open-ended coaxial probe (OEC) connected with Agilent N5230A PNA-L Network Analyzer included the 85070E2 dielectric software at frequency range of 8 to 12 GHz. The experimental results showed that NiO/OPEFF/PCL composites exhibit controllable permittivity dielectric constant ε′r(f) between 1.89 and 4.2 (Farad/meter, (F/m)), with loss factor ε''r(f) between 0.08 and 0.62 F/m, and loss tangent (tan δ) between 0.05 and 0.18. Return losses measurement of the three patch antennas OPEFF/PCL, NiO/PCL, and OPEFF/NiO/PCL are −11.93, −14.2 and −16.3 dB respectively. Finally, the commercial software package, Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio (CSTMWS), was used to investigate the antenna performance by simulate S-parameters based on the measured dielectric parameters. A negligible difference is found between the measured and simulated results. Finally, the results obtained encourage the possibility of using natural fibers and nickel oxide in preparation of the substrates utilize at microwave applications. MDPI 2020-10-19 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/86666/1/Preparation%20and%20characterization%20of%20semi-flexible.pdf Ahmad, Ahmad Fahad and Abd. Aziz, Sidek and Yaakob, Yazid and Abd Ali, Ammar and Issa, Nour Attallah (2020) Preparation and characterization of semi-flexible substrate from natural fiber/ nickel oxide/polycaprolactone composite for microstrip patch antenna circuitries for microwave applications. Polymers, 12 (10). pp. 1-8. ISSN 2073-4360 https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/10/2400 10.3390/polym12102400 |
| spellingShingle | Ahmad, Ahmad Fahad Abd. Aziz, Sidek Yaakob, Yazid Abd Ali, Ammar Issa, Nour Attallah Preparation and characterization of semi-flexible substrate from natural fiber/ nickel oxide/polycaprolactone composite for microstrip patch antenna circuitries for microwave applications |
| title | Preparation and characterization of semi-flexible substrate from natural fiber/ nickel oxide/polycaprolactone composite for microstrip patch antenna circuitries for microwave applications |
| title_full | Preparation and characterization of semi-flexible substrate from natural fiber/ nickel oxide/polycaprolactone composite for microstrip patch antenna circuitries for microwave applications |
| title_fullStr | Preparation and characterization of semi-flexible substrate from natural fiber/ nickel oxide/polycaprolactone composite for microstrip patch antenna circuitries for microwave applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Preparation and characterization of semi-flexible substrate from natural fiber/ nickel oxide/polycaprolactone composite for microstrip patch antenna circuitries for microwave applications |
| title_short | Preparation and characterization of semi-flexible substrate from natural fiber/ nickel oxide/polycaprolactone composite for microstrip patch antenna circuitries for microwave applications |
| title_sort | preparation and characterization of semi-flexible substrate from natural fiber/ nickel oxide/polycaprolactone composite for microstrip patch antenna circuitries for microwave applications |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/86666/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/86666/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/86666/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/86666/1/Preparation%20and%20characterization%20of%20semi-flexible.pdf |