Virus-like particle vaccines: a prospective panacea against an avian influenza panzootic
Epizootics of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) have resulted in the deaths of millions of birds leading to huge financial losses to the poultry industry worldwide. The roles of migratory wild birds in the harbouring, mutation, and transmission of avian influenza viruses (AIVs), and the lack...
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| Format: | Article |
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2020
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/86500/ |
| _version_ | 1848860226438037504 |
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| author | Ninyio, Nathaniel Nyakaat Ho, Kok Lian Omar, Abdul Rahman Tan, Wen Siang Iqbal, Munir Abdul Razak, Mariatulqabtiah |
| author_facet | Ninyio, Nathaniel Nyakaat Ho, Kok Lian Omar, Abdul Rahman Tan, Wen Siang Iqbal, Munir Abdul Razak, Mariatulqabtiah |
| author_sort | Ninyio, Nathaniel Nyakaat |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Epizootics of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) have resulted in the deaths of millions of birds leading to huge financial losses to the poultry industry worldwide. The roles of migratory wild birds in the harbouring, mutation, and transmission of avian influenza viruses (AIVs), and the lack of broad-spectrum prophylactic vaccines present imminent threats of a global panzootic. To prevent this, control measures that include effective AIV surveillance programmes, treatment regimens, and universal vaccines are being developed and analysed for their effectiveness. We reviewed the epidemiology of AIVs with regards to past avian influenza (AI) outbreaks in birds. The AIV surveillance programmes in wild and domestic birds, as well as their roles in AI control were also evaluated. We discussed the limitations of the currently used AI vaccines, which necessitated the development of a universal vaccine. We evaluated the current development of AI vaccines based upon virus-like particles (VLPs), particularly those displaying the matrix-2 ectodomain (M2e) peptide. Finally, we highlighted the prospects of these VLP vaccines as universal vaccines with the potential of preventing an AI panzootic. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:41:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-86500 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:41:52Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-865002023-11-08T08:11:39Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/86500/ Virus-like particle vaccines: a prospective panacea against an avian influenza panzootic Ninyio, Nathaniel Nyakaat Ho, Kok Lian Omar, Abdul Rahman Tan, Wen Siang Iqbal, Munir Abdul Razak, Mariatulqabtiah Epizootics of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) have resulted in the deaths of millions of birds leading to huge financial losses to the poultry industry worldwide. The roles of migratory wild birds in the harbouring, mutation, and transmission of avian influenza viruses (AIVs), and the lack of broad-spectrum prophylactic vaccines present imminent threats of a global panzootic. To prevent this, control measures that include effective AIV surveillance programmes, treatment regimens, and universal vaccines are being developed and analysed for their effectiveness. We reviewed the epidemiology of AIVs with regards to past avian influenza (AI) outbreaks in birds. The AIV surveillance programmes in wild and domestic birds, as well as their roles in AI control were also evaluated. We discussed the limitations of the currently used AI vaccines, which necessitated the development of a universal vaccine. We evaluated the current development of AI vaccines based upon virus-like particles (VLPs), particularly those displaying the matrix-2 ectodomain (M2e) peptide. Finally, we highlighted the prospects of these VLP vaccines as universal vaccines with the potential of preventing an AI panzootic. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2020-11-19 Article PeerReviewed Ninyio, Nathaniel Nyakaat and Ho, Kok Lian and Omar, Abdul Rahman and Tan, Wen Siang and Iqbal, Munir and Abdul Razak, Mariatulqabtiah (2020) Virus-like particle vaccines: a prospective panacea against an avian influenza panzootic. Vaccines, 8 (4). art. no. 694. pp. 1-24. ISSN 2076-393X https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/8/4/694 10.3390/vaccines8040694 |
| spellingShingle | Ninyio, Nathaniel Nyakaat Ho, Kok Lian Omar, Abdul Rahman Tan, Wen Siang Iqbal, Munir Abdul Razak, Mariatulqabtiah Virus-like particle vaccines: a prospective panacea against an avian influenza panzootic |
| title | Virus-like particle vaccines: a prospective panacea against an avian influenza panzootic |
| title_full | Virus-like particle vaccines: a prospective panacea against an avian influenza panzootic |
| title_fullStr | Virus-like particle vaccines: a prospective panacea against an avian influenza panzootic |
| title_full_unstemmed | Virus-like particle vaccines: a prospective panacea against an avian influenza panzootic |
| title_short | Virus-like particle vaccines: a prospective panacea against an avian influenza panzootic |
| title_sort | virus-like particle vaccines: a prospective panacea against an avian influenza panzootic |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/86500/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/86500/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/86500/ |