Signal enhancement evaluation of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of extracted animal fats using principal component analysis approach
In this work, principal component analysis (PCA) was utilized to analyze laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) signals of the extracted chicken fat, lamb fat, beef fat, and lard froze using two different freezing methods. The frozen samples were ablated using a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
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Sage Publications
2020
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/85813/ |
| _version_ | 1848860189044768768 |
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| author | Hanasil, Nur Syaida Raja Ibrahim, Raja Kamarulzaman Duralim, Maisarah Sapingi, Husni Hani Jameela Mahdi, Mohd Adzir |
| author_facet | Hanasil, Nur Syaida Raja Ibrahim, Raja Kamarulzaman Duralim, Maisarah Sapingi, Husni Hani Jameela Mahdi, Mohd Adzir |
| author_sort | Hanasil, Nur Syaida |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | In this work, principal component analysis (PCA) was utilized to analyze laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) signals of the extracted chicken fat, lamb fat, beef fat, and lard froze using two different freezing methods. The frozen samples were ablated using a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm, 170 mJ pulse energy, and 6 ns pulse duration to produce plasma on target surfaces. The samples were ablated using 30–60 shots of the laser beam at different spots. Stronger LIBS signals from the extracted chicken fat and lamb fat were obtained with liquid nitrogen (LN2) method. However, LIBS signals obtained from the freezer freezing method were found to be stronger for extracted beef fat and lard. The PCA was then used to visualize the LIBS spectra of extracted animal fats into a score plot. Data points of each extracted animal fat were divided into three groups representing LIBS spectra collected at the early, middle, and end part of the ablation process. The score plot revealed that the data points of the three groups of frozen extracted animal fats using the LN2 method were more closely clustered than those frozen in the freezer. Good discrimination with 97% of the variance was achieved between the extracted chicken fat, lamb fat, beef fat, and lard using the LN2 method in the three-dimensional score plot. LIBS signals of the extracted animal fats produced from the LN2 method were found to be more stable than those from the freezer method. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:41:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-85813 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:41:16Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | Sage Publications |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-858132023-09-18T08:56:33Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/85813/ Signal enhancement evaluation of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of extracted animal fats using principal component analysis approach Hanasil, Nur Syaida Raja Ibrahim, Raja Kamarulzaman Duralim, Maisarah Sapingi, Husni Hani Jameela Mahdi, Mohd Adzir In this work, principal component analysis (PCA) was utilized to analyze laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) signals of the extracted chicken fat, lamb fat, beef fat, and lard froze using two different freezing methods. The frozen samples were ablated using a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm, 170 mJ pulse energy, and 6 ns pulse duration to produce plasma on target surfaces. The samples were ablated using 30–60 shots of the laser beam at different spots. Stronger LIBS signals from the extracted chicken fat and lamb fat were obtained with liquid nitrogen (LN2) method. However, LIBS signals obtained from the freezer freezing method were found to be stronger for extracted beef fat and lard. The PCA was then used to visualize the LIBS spectra of extracted animal fats into a score plot. Data points of each extracted animal fat were divided into three groups representing LIBS spectra collected at the early, middle, and end part of the ablation process. The score plot revealed that the data points of the three groups of frozen extracted animal fats using the LN2 method were more closely clustered than those frozen in the freezer. Good discrimination with 97% of the variance was achieved between the extracted chicken fat, lamb fat, beef fat, and lard using the LN2 method in the three-dimensional score plot. LIBS signals of the extracted animal fats produced from the LN2 method were found to be more stable than those from the freezer method. Sage Publications 2020 Article PeerReviewed Hanasil, Nur Syaida and Raja Ibrahim, Raja Kamarulzaman and Duralim, Maisarah and Sapingi, Husni Hani Jameela and Mahdi, Mohd Adzir (2020) Signal enhancement evaluation of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of extracted animal fats using principal component analysis approach. Applied Spectroscopy, 74 (12). 1452 - 1462. ISSN 0003-7028; ESSN: 1943-3530 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0003702820915532 10.1177/0003702820915532 |
| spellingShingle | Hanasil, Nur Syaida Raja Ibrahim, Raja Kamarulzaman Duralim, Maisarah Sapingi, Husni Hani Jameela Mahdi, Mohd Adzir Signal enhancement evaluation of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of extracted animal fats using principal component analysis approach |
| title | Signal enhancement evaluation of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of extracted animal fats using principal component analysis approach |
| title_full | Signal enhancement evaluation of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of extracted animal fats using principal component analysis approach |
| title_fullStr | Signal enhancement evaluation of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of extracted animal fats using principal component analysis approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Signal enhancement evaluation of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of extracted animal fats using principal component analysis approach |
| title_short | Signal enhancement evaluation of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of extracted animal fats using principal component analysis approach |
| title_sort | signal enhancement evaluation of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of extracted animal fats using principal component analysis approach |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/85813/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/85813/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/85813/ |