Verification and evaluation of monochloropropanediol (MCPD) esters and glycidyl esters in palm oil products of different regions in Malaysia
This study was conducted to investigate on the effect of different sampling regions of palm-refined oils and fats on the 2- and 3-monochloropropanediol fatty acid esters (MCPDE) and glycidol fatty acid esters (GE) levels. The American Oil Chemists’ Society (AOCS) Official Method Cd 29a-13 on the det...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis
2019
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/82716/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/82716/1/Verification%20and%20evaluation%20.pdf |
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| author | Abd. Razak, Raznim Arni Ahmad Tarmizi, Azmil Haizam Abdul Hammid, Abdul Niefaizal Kuntom, Ainie Ismail, Intan Safinar Sanny, Maimunah |
| author_facet | Abd. Razak, Raznim Arni Ahmad Tarmizi, Azmil Haizam Abdul Hammid, Abdul Niefaizal Kuntom, Ainie Ismail, Intan Safinar Sanny, Maimunah |
| author_sort | Abd. Razak, Raznim Arni |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | This study was conducted to investigate on the effect of different sampling regions of palm-refined oils and fats on the 2- and 3-monochloropropanediol fatty acid esters (MCPDE) and glycidol fatty acid esters (GE) levels. The American Oil Chemists’ Society (AOCS) Official Method Cd 29a-13 on the determination of MCPDE and GE in edible oils and fats by acid transesterification was successfully verified and optimised, with slight modification using 7890A Agilent GC system equipped with 5975C quadrupole detector. The determined limits of detection (LOD) for MCPDE were 0.02 mg kg⁻¹ and 0.05 mg kg⁻¹ for GE. The method performance has showed good recovery between 80% and 120% for all pertinent compounds with seven replicates assayed in three separate days. Round robin test with two European laboratories, i.e. Eurofins and SGS, has shown compliance results with those of the present study. Among the sampling regions, only one refinery located in the central region of Malaysia showed a significant increment of the MCPDE and GE levels after refining process. The GE level averaging at 2.5 mg kg⁻¹ was slightly higher than that of 3-MCPDE averaging at 1.3 mg kg⁻¹. Both esters were preferentially partitioned into the liquid phase rather than the solid phase after fractionation. However, the overall results exhibited no direct correlation between the esters content and the different sampling locations of the palm oil products in Malaysia. Analysis of total chlorine content also displayed significant variations between sampling locations which clearly show its effect on the chlorine content in the CPO samples. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:27:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-82716 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:27:43Z |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-827162021-06-03T09:43:34Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/82716/ Verification and evaluation of monochloropropanediol (MCPD) esters and glycidyl esters in palm oil products of different regions in Malaysia Abd. Razak, Raznim Arni Ahmad Tarmizi, Azmil Haizam Abdul Hammid, Abdul Niefaizal Kuntom, Ainie Ismail, Intan Safinar Sanny, Maimunah This study was conducted to investigate on the effect of different sampling regions of palm-refined oils and fats on the 2- and 3-monochloropropanediol fatty acid esters (MCPDE) and glycidol fatty acid esters (GE) levels. The American Oil Chemists’ Society (AOCS) Official Method Cd 29a-13 on the determination of MCPDE and GE in edible oils and fats by acid transesterification was successfully verified and optimised, with slight modification using 7890A Agilent GC system equipped with 5975C quadrupole detector. The determined limits of detection (LOD) for MCPDE were 0.02 mg kg⁻¹ and 0.05 mg kg⁻¹ for GE. The method performance has showed good recovery between 80% and 120% for all pertinent compounds with seven replicates assayed in three separate days. Round robin test with two European laboratories, i.e. Eurofins and SGS, has shown compliance results with those of the present study. Among the sampling regions, only one refinery located in the central region of Malaysia showed a significant increment of the MCPDE and GE levels after refining process. The GE level averaging at 2.5 mg kg⁻¹ was slightly higher than that of 3-MCPDE averaging at 1.3 mg kg⁻¹. Both esters were preferentially partitioned into the liquid phase rather than the solid phase after fractionation. However, the overall results exhibited no direct correlation between the esters content and the different sampling locations of the palm oil products in Malaysia. Analysis of total chlorine content also displayed significant variations between sampling locations which clearly show its effect on the chlorine content in the CPO samples. Taylor & Francis 2019-08 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/82716/1/Verification%20and%20evaluation%20.pdf Abd. Razak, Raznim Arni and Ahmad Tarmizi, Azmil Haizam and Abdul Hammid, Abdul Niefaizal and Kuntom, Ainie and Ismail, Intan Safinar and Sanny, Maimunah (2019) Verification and evaluation of monochloropropanediol (MCPD) esters and glycidyl esters in palm oil products of different regions in Malaysia. Food Additives and Contaminants - Part A Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure and Risk Assessment, 36 (11). pp. 1626-1636. ISSN 1944-0049; ESSN 1944-0057 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19440049.2019.1654139?journalCode=tfac20 10.1080/19440049.2019.1654139 |
| spellingShingle | Abd. Razak, Raznim Arni Ahmad Tarmizi, Azmil Haizam Abdul Hammid, Abdul Niefaizal Kuntom, Ainie Ismail, Intan Safinar Sanny, Maimunah Verification and evaluation of monochloropropanediol (MCPD) esters and glycidyl esters in palm oil products of different regions in Malaysia |
| title | Verification and evaluation of monochloropropanediol (MCPD) esters and glycidyl esters in palm oil products of different regions in Malaysia |
| title_full | Verification and evaluation of monochloropropanediol (MCPD) esters and glycidyl esters in palm oil products of different regions in Malaysia |
| title_fullStr | Verification and evaluation of monochloropropanediol (MCPD) esters and glycidyl esters in palm oil products of different regions in Malaysia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Verification and evaluation of monochloropropanediol (MCPD) esters and glycidyl esters in palm oil products of different regions in Malaysia |
| title_short | Verification and evaluation of monochloropropanediol (MCPD) esters and glycidyl esters in palm oil products of different regions in Malaysia |
| title_sort | verification and evaluation of monochloropropanediol (mcpd) esters and glycidyl esters in palm oil products of different regions in malaysia |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/82716/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/82716/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/82716/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/82716/1/Verification%20and%20evaluation%20.pdf |