Variation in the metabolites and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of Cosmos caudatus at different growth stages
Background: Cosmos caudatus is an annual plant known for its medicinal value in treating several health conditions, such as high blood pressure, arthritis, and diabetes mellitus. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and total phenolic content of the leaf aqueous ethanolic extracts of the plant at d...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2019
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/82713/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/82713/1/Variation%20in%20the%20metabolites%20.pdf |
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| author | Wan Ahmad, Wan Nadilah Adibah Akhtar, Muhammad Tayyab Shaari, Khozirah Khatib, Alfi Abdul Hamid, Azizah Hamid, Muhajir |
| author_facet | Wan Ahmad, Wan Nadilah Adibah Akhtar, Muhammad Tayyab Shaari, Khozirah Khatib, Alfi Abdul Hamid, Azizah Hamid, Muhajir |
| author_sort | Wan Ahmad, Wan Nadilah Adibah |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Background: Cosmos caudatus is an annual plant known for its medicinal value in treating several health conditions, such as high blood pressure, arthritis, and diabetes mellitus. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and total phenolic content of the leaf aqueous ethanolic extracts of the plant at different growth stages (6, 8. 10, 12 and 14 weeks) were determined in an effort to ascertain the best time to harvest the plant for maximum medicinal quality with respect to its glucose-lowering effects. Methods: The aqueous ethanolic leaf extracts of C. caudatus were characterized by NMR and LC-MS/MS. The total phenolic content and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity were evaluated by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and α-glucosidase inhibitory assay, respectively. The statistical significance of the results was evaluated using one-way ANOVA with Duncan's post hoc test, and correlation among the different activities was performed by Pearson's correlation test. NMR spectroscopy along with multivariate data analysis was used to identify the metabolites correlated with total phenolic content and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the C. caudatus leaf extracts. Results: It was found that the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and total phenolic content of the optimized ethanol:water (80:20) leaf extract of the plant increased significantly as the plant matured, reaching a maximum at the 10th week. The IC50 value for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (39.18 μg mL- 1) at the 10th week showed greater potency than the positive standard, quercetin (110.50 μg mL- 1). Through an 1H NMR-based metabolomics approach, the 10-week-old samples were shown to be correlated with a high total phenolic content and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. From the partial least squares biplot, rutin and flavonoid glycosides, consisting of quercetin 3-O-arabinofuranoside, quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, and quercetin 3-O-xyloside, were identified as the major bioactive metabolites. The metabolites were identified by NMR spectroscopy (J-resolve, HSQC and HMBC experiments) and further supported by dereplication via LC-MS/MS. Conclusion: For high phytomedicinal quality, the 10th week is recommended as the best time to harvest C. caudatus leaves with respect to its glucose lowering potential. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:27:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-82713 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:27:42Z |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publisher | BMC |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-827132021-06-01T22:26:00Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/82713/ Variation in the metabolites and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of Cosmos caudatus at different growth stages Wan Ahmad, Wan Nadilah Adibah Akhtar, Muhammad Tayyab Shaari, Khozirah Khatib, Alfi Abdul Hamid, Azizah Hamid, Muhajir Background: Cosmos caudatus is an annual plant known for its medicinal value in treating several health conditions, such as high blood pressure, arthritis, and diabetes mellitus. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and total phenolic content of the leaf aqueous ethanolic extracts of the plant at different growth stages (6, 8. 10, 12 and 14 weeks) were determined in an effort to ascertain the best time to harvest the plant for maximum medicinal quality with respect to its glucose-lowering effects. Methods: The aqueous ethanolic leaf extracts of C. caudatus were characterized by NMR and LC-MS/MS. The total phenolic content and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity were evaluated by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and α-glucosidase inhibitory assay, respectively. The statistical significance of the results was evaluated using one-way ANOVA with Duncan's post hoc test, and correlation among the different activities was performed by Pearson's correlation test. NMR spectroscopy along with multivariate data analysis was used to identify the metabolites correlated with total phenolic content and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the C. caudatus leaf extracts. Results: It was found that the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and total phenolic content of the optimized ethanol:water (80:20) leaf extract of the plant increased significantly as the plant matured, reaching a maximum at the 10th week. The IC50 value for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (39.18 μg mL- 1) at the 10th week showed greater potency than the positive standard, quercetin (110.50 μg mL- 1). Through an 1H NMR-based metabolomics approach, the 10-week-old samples were shown to be correlated with a high total phenolic content and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. From the partial least squares biplot, rutin and flavonoid glycosides, consisting of quercetin 3-O-arabinofuranoside, quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, and quercetin 3-O-xyloside, were identified as the major bioactive metabolites. The metabolites were identified by NMR spectroscopy (J-resolve, HSQC and HMBC experiments) and further supported by dereplication via LC-MS/MS. Conclusion: For high phytomedicinal quality, the 10th week is recommended as the best time to harvest C. caudatus leaves with respect to its glucose lowering potential. BMC 2019 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/82713/1/Variation%20in%20the%20metabolites%20.pdf Wan Ahmad, Wan Nadilah Adibah and Akhtar, Muhammad Tayyab and Shaari, Khozirah and Khatib, Alfi and Abdul Hamid, Azizah and Hamid, Muhajir (2019) Variation in the metabolites and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of Cosmos caudatus at different growth stages. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 19 (1). art. no. 245. pp. 2-15. ISSN 1472-6882 https://bmccomplementmedtherapies.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12906-019-2655-9 10.1186/s12906-019-2655-9 |
| spellingShingle | Wan Ahmad, Wan Nadilah Adibah Akhtar, Muhammad Tayyab Shaari, Khozirah Khatib, Alfi Abdul Hamid, Azizah Hamid, Muhajir Variation in the metabolites and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of Cosmos caudatus at different growth stages |
| title | Variation in the metabolites and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of Cosmos caudatus at different growth stages |
| title_full | Variation in the metabolites and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of Cosmos caudatus at different growth stages |
| title_fullStr | Variation in the metabolites and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of Cosmos caudatus at different growth stages |
| title_full_unstemmed | Variation in the metabolites and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of Cosmos caudatus at different growth stages |
| title_short | Variation in the metabolites and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of Cosmos caudatus at different growth stages |
| title_sort | variation in the metabolites and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of cosmos caudatus at different growth stages |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/82713/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/82713/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/82713/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/82713/1/Variation%20in%20the%20metabolites%20.pdf |