Risk assessment of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in the Klang River estuary, Malaysia
The concentration profile, distribution and risk assessment of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in the coastal surface water from the Klang River estuary were measured. Surface coastal water samples were extracted using offline solid phase, applying polymeric C18 cartridges as extraction so...
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| Format: | Article |
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Springer
2019
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/82025/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/82025/1/Risk%20assessment%20of%20pharmaceutically.1.pdf http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/82025/3/Risk%20assessment%20of%20pharmaceutically%20active%20compounds%20%28PhACs%29%20in%20the%20Klang%20River%20estuary%2C%20Malaysia.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848859221107408896 |
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| author | Tuan Omar, Tuan Fauzan Aris, Ahmad Zaharin M. Yusoff, Fatimah Mustafa, Shuhaimi |
| author_facet | Tuan Omar, Tuan Fauzan Aris, Ahmad Zaharin M. Yusoff, Fatimah Mustafa, Shuhaimi |
| author_sort | Tuan Omar, Tuan Fauzan |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The concentration profile, distribution and risk assessment of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in the coastal surface water from the Klang River estuary were measured. Surface coastal water samples were extracted using offline solid phase, applying polymeric C18 cartridges as extraction sorbent and measuring with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry (LC MS-MS) technique. Extraction method was optimized for its recovery, sensitivity and linearity. Excellent recoveries were obtained from the optimized method with percentage of recoveries ranging from 73 to 126%. The optimized analytical method achieved good sensitivity with limit of detection ranging from 0.05 to 0.15 ng L-1, while linearity of targeted compounds in the LC MS-MS system was more than 0.990. The results showed that amoxicillin has the highest concentration (102.31 ng L-1) followed by diclofenac (10.80 ng L-1) and primidone (7.74 ng L-1). The percentage of contribution (% of total concentration) for the targeted PhACs is in the following order; amoxicillin (92.90%) > diclofenac (3.95%) > primidone (1.23%) > dexamethasone (0.75%) > testosterone (0.70%) > sulfamethoxazole (0.33%) > progesterone (0.14%). Environmental risk assessment calculated based on deterministic approach (the RQ method), showed no present risk from the presence of PhACs in the coastal water of Klang River estuary. Nonetheless, this baseline assessment can be used for better understanding on PhACs pollution profile and distribution in the tropical coastal and estuarine ecosystem as well as for future comparative studies. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:25:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-82025 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:25:53Z |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publisher | Springer |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-820252020-09-03T06:43:01Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/82025/ Risk assessment of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in the Klang River estuary, Malaysia Tuan Omar, Tuan Fauzan Aris, Ahmad Zaharin M. Yusoff, Fatimah Mustafa, Shuhaimi The concentration profile, distribution and risk assessment of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in the coastal surface water from the Klang River estuary were measured. Surface coastal water samples were extracted using offline solid phase, applying polymeric C18 cartridges as extraction sorbent and measuring with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry (LC MS-MS) technique. Extraction method was optimized for its recovery, sensitivity and linearity. Excellent recoveries were obtained from the optimized method with percentage of recoveries ranging from 73 to 126%. The optimized analytical method achieved good sensitivity with limit of detection ranging from 0.05 to 0.15 ng L-1, while linearity of targeted compounds in the LC MS-MS system was more than 0.990. The results showed that amoxicillin has the highest concentration (102.31 ng L-1) followed by diclofenac (10.80 ng L-1) and primidone (7.74 ng L-1). The percentage of contribution (% of total concentration) for the targeted PhACs is in the following order; amoxicillin (92.90%) > diclofenac (3.95%) > primidone (1.23%) > dexamethasone (0.75%) > testosterone (0.70%) > sulfamethoxazole (0.33%) > progesterone (0.14%). Environmental risk assessment calculated based on deterministic approach (the RQ method), showed no present risk from the presence of PhACs in the coastal water of Klang River estuary. Nonetheless, this baseline assessment can be used for better understanding on PhACs pollution profile and distribution in the tropical coastal and estuarine ecosystem as well as for future comparative studies. Springer 2019-02 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/82025/1/Risk%20assessment%20of%20pharmaceutically.1.pdf text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/82025/3/Risk%20assessment%20of%20pharmaceutically%20active%20compounds%20%28PhACs%29%20in%20the%20Klang%20River%20estuary%2C%20Malaysia.pdf Tuan Omar, Tuan Fauzan and Aris, Ahmad Zaharin and M. Yusoff, Fatimah and Mustafa, Shuhaimi (2019) Risk assessment of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in the Klang River estuary, Malaysia. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 41 (1). pp. 211-223. ISSN 0269-4042; ESSN: 1573-2983 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30051257/ 10.1007/s10653-018-0157-1 |
| spellingShingle | Tuan Omar, Tuan Fauzan Aris, Ahmad Zaharin M. Yusoff, Fatimah Mustafa, Shuhaimi Risk assessment of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in the Klang River estuary, Malaysia |
| title | Risk assessment of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in the Klang River estuary, Malaysia |
| title_full | Risk assessment of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in the Klang River estuary, Malaysia |
| title_fullStr | Risk assessment of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in the Klang River estuary, Malaysia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risk assessment of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in the Klang River estuary, Malaysia |
| title_short | Risk assessment of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in the Klang River estuary, Malaysia |
| title_sort | risk assessment of pharmaceutically active compounds (phacs) in the klang river estuary, malaysia |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/82025/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/82025/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/82025/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/82025/1/Risk%20assessment%20of%20pharmaceutically.1.pdf http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/82025/3/Risk%20assessment%20of%20pharmaceutically%20active%20compounds%20%28PhACs%29%20in%20the%20Klang%20River%20estuary%2C%20Malaysia.pdf |