Pb(II) removal from wastewater by modified activated carbon in batch and fixed-bed column studies: synthetic and real wastewater application
Activated carbon (AC) prepared from palm kernel was modified by citric acid (CA) to enhance its ability for Pb(II) removal from aqueous solutions. The product obtained was characterized using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method, Fourier transform infrared, spectroscop...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Desalination Publications
2019
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/81629/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/81629/1/Pb%28II%29%20removal%20from%20wastewater%20by%20modified%20activated%20carbon%20in%20batch%20and%20fixed-bed%20column%20studies%20synthetic%20and%20real%20wastewater%20application.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848859151858401280 |
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| author | Pam, Aloysius Akaangee Abdullah, Abdul Halim Tan, Yen Ping Zainal, Zulkarnain |
| author_facet | Pam, Aloysius Akaangee Abdullah, Abdul Halim Tan, Yen Ping Zainal, Zulkarnain |
| author_sort | Pam, Aloysius Akaangee |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Activated carbon (AC) prepared from palm kernel was modified by citric acid (CA) to enhance its ability for Pb(II) removal from aqueous solutions. The product obtained was characterized using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method, Fourier transform infrared, spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The adsorption of Pb(II) ions onto CA modified activated carbon (AC-CA), was studied in both batch and column mode operations. In the batch studies, a wide range of operating parameters, such as adsorbent dose (0.1–0.95 g), initial metal ion concentration (50–150 mg/L), contact time (15–150 min), and pH (1–5), were investigated. Equilibrium data were fitted using Langmuir, Freundlich, first and second order kinetic models. The experimental data were best characterized by pseudo-second order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm models; indicative of chemisorption and monolayer adsorption, respectively. ACs and AC-CA were mainly microporous with pores in the range of 1.2–1.76 nm. Although the surface area of AC-600 (1,559.9 m ² /g) was much higher than that of AC-CA (1,267.1 m ² /g), the Pb(II) sorption capacity of AC-CA was larger than that of AC-600. The AC and AC-CA, both showed high Q max of 81.0 and 103.1 mg/g, the high adsorption capacity of the adsorbents is promising in the development of low cost and novel adsorbent. It is concluded that Pb(II) ions removal using palm kernel shells based adsorbent modified with citric acid would be an efficient technique for economic treatment of wastewater. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:24:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-81629 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:24:47Z |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publisher | Desalination Publications |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-816292020-10-27T21:31:18Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/81629/ Pb(II) removal from wastewater by modified activated carbon in batch and fixed-bed column studies: synthetic and real wastewater application Pam, Aloysius Akaangee Abdullah, Abdul Halim Tan, Yen Ping Zainal, Zulkarnain Activated carbon (AC) prepared from palm kernel was modified by citric acid (CA) to enhance its ability for Pb(II) removal from aqueous solutions. The product obtained was characterized using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method, Fourier transform infrared, spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The adsorption of Pb(II) ions onto CA modified activated carbon (AC-CA), was studied in both batch and column mode operations. In the batch studies, a wide range of operating parameters, such as adsorbent dose (0.1–0.95 g), initial metal ion concentration (50–150 mg/L), contact time (15–150 min), and pH (1–5), were investigated. Equilibrium data were fitted using Langmuir, Freundlich, first and second order kinetic models. The experimental data were best characterized by pseudo-second order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm models; indicative of chemisorption and monolayer adsorption, respectively. ACs and AC-CA were mainly microporous with pores in the range of 1.2–1.76 nm. Although the surface area of AC-600 (1,559.9 m ² /g) was much higher than that of AC-CA (1,267.1 m ² /g), the Pb(II) sorption capacity of AC-CA was larger than that of AC-600. The AC and AC-CA, both showed high Q max of 81.0 and 103.1 mg/g, the high adsorption capacity of the adsorbents is promising in the development of low cost and novel adsorbent. It is concluded that Pb(II) ions removal using palm kernel shells based adsorbent modified with citric acid would be an efficient technique for economic treatment of wastewater. Desalination Publications 2019 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/81629/1/Pb%28II%29%20removal%20from%20wastewater%20by%20modified%20activated%20carbon%20in%20batch%20and%20fixed-bed%20column%20studies%20synthetic%20and%20real%20wastewater%20application.pdf Pam, Aloysius Akaangee and Abdullah, Abdul Halim and Tan, Yen Ping and Zainal, Zulkarnain (2019) Pb(II) removal from wastewater by modified activated carbon in batch and fixed-bed column studies: synthetic and real wastewater application. Desalination and Water Treatment, 120. pp. 290-301. ISSN 1944-3994; ESSN: 1944-3986 10.5004/dwt.2019.23439 |
| spellingShingle | Pam, Aloysius Akaangee Abdullah, Abdul Halim Tan, Yen Ping Zainal, Zulkarnain Pb(II) removal from wastewater by modified activated carbon in batch and fixed-bed column studies: synthetic and real wastewater application |
| title | Pb(II) removal from wastewater by modified activated carbon in batch and fixed-bed column studies: synthetic and real wastewater application |
| title_full | Pb(II) removal from wastewater by modified activated carbon in batch and fixed-bed column studies: synthetic and real wastewater application |
| title_fullStr | Pb(II) removal from wastewater by modified activated carbon in batch and fixed-bed column studies: synthetic and real wastewater application |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pb(II) removal from wastewater by modified activated carbon in batch and fixed-bed column studies: synthetic and real wastewater application |
| title_short | Pb(II) removal from wastewater by modified activated carbon in batch and fixed-bed column studies: synthetic and real wastewater application |
| title_sort | pb(ii) removal from wastewater by modified activated carbon in batch and fixed-bed column studies: synthetic and real wastewater application |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/81629/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/81629/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/81629/1/Pb%28II%29%20removal%20from%20wastewater%20by%20modified%20activated%20carbon%20in%20batch%20and%20fixed-bed%20column%20studies%20synthetic%20and%20real%20wastewater%20application.pdf |