Kinetics of thermal hydrolysis of crude palm oil with mass and heat transfer in a closed system
Crude palm oil (CPO) is the main product of oil palm processing and is obtained through a series of unit operations. In a palm oil mill, the main unit operations involve applying saturated steam in the steriliser and digester. The high temperature and water content used will induce thermal hydrolysi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2019
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/81173/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/81173/1/Kinetics%20of%20thermal%20hydrolysis.pdf |
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| author | Shehu, Umar Etsu Tan, Qee Chowa Hafid, Halimatun Saadiah Mokhtar, Mohd Noriznan Baharuddin, Azhari Samsu Mat Nawi, Nazmi |
| author_facet | Shehu, Umar Etsu Tan, Qee Chowa Hafid, Halimatun Saadiah Mokhtar, Mohd Noriznan Baharuddin, Azhari Samsu Mat Nawi, Nazmi |
| author_sort | Shehu, Umar Etsu |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Crude palm oil (CPO) is the main product of oil palm processing and is obtained through a series of unit operations. In a palm oil mill, the main unit operations involve applying saturated steam in the steriliser and digester. The high temperature and water content used will induce thermal hydrolysis, leading to accumulation of free fatty acids (FFAs), the levels of which are considered a major quality index of CPO. A detailed study of the thermal hydrolysis of CPO at different temperatures and water contents in a closed-vessel system was carried out. The results show that there was an increase in FFA accumulation as temperature and initial water content increased. A kinetic model of the hydrolysis was constructed taking into account heat and mass transfer phenomena. The important parameters of the model were the reaction frequency factor (k0T) and the power factor of water fraction (n), which were successfully estimated by gPROMS ModelBuilder at 2.55 × 10–6 (m3/kmol)0.85 min−1 and 0.62, respectively. A sensitivity analysis revealed that the simulated profiles (i.e. FFA content and vapour mass flux, W˙WV) were highly sensitive to these parameters. The model can be a useful tool in the further redesign and quality improvement of the industrial of CPO extraction processes. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:23:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-81173 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:23:03Z |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-811732021-09-26T20:47:39Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/81173/ Kinetics of thermal hydrolysis of crude palm oil with mass and heat transfer in a closed system Shehu, Umar Etsu Tan, Qee Chowa Hafid, Halimatun Saadiah Mokhtar, Mohd Noriznan Baharuddin, Azhari Samsu Mat Nawi, Nazmi Crude palm oil (CPO) is the main product of oil palm processing and is obtained through a series of unit operations. In a palm oil mill, the main unit operations involve applying saturated steam in the steriliser and digester. The high temperature and water content used will induce thermal hydrolysis, leading to accumulation of free fatty acids (FFAs), the levels of which are considered a major quality index of CPO. A detailed study of the thermal hydrolysis of CPO at different temperatures and water contents in a closed-vessel system was carried out. The results show that there was an increase in FFA accumulation as temperature and initial water content increased. A kinetic model of the hydrolysis was constructed taking into account heat and mass transfer phenomena. The important parameters of the model were the reaction frequency factor (k0T) and the power factor of water fraction (n), which were successfully estimated by gPROMS ModelBuilder at 2.55 × 10–6 (m3/kmol)0.85 min−1 and 0.62, respectively. A sensitivity analysis revealed that the simulated profiles (i.e. FFA content and vapour mass flux, W˙WV) were highly sensitive to these parameters. The model can be a useful tool in the further redesign and quality improvement of the industrial of CPO extraction processes. Elsevier 2019-09 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/81173/1/Kinetics%20of%20thermal%20hydrolysis.pdf Shehu, Umar Etsu and Tan, Qee Chowa and Hafid, Halimatun Saadiah and Mokhtar, Mohd Noriznan and Baharuddin, Azhari Samsu and Mat Nawi, Nazmi (2019) Kinetics of thermal hydrolysis of crude palm oil with mass and heat transfer in a closed system. Food and Bioproducts Processing, 118. pp. 187-197. ISSN 0960-3085 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0960308519302081 10.1016/j.fbp.2019.09.009 |
| spellingShingle | Shehu, Umar Etsu Tan, Qee Chowa Hafid, Halimatun Saadiah Mokhtar, Mohd Noriznan Baharuddin, Azhari Samsu Mat Nawi, Nazmi Kinetics of thermal hydrolysis of crude palm oil with mass and heat transfer in a closed system |
| title | Kinetics of thermal hydrolysis of crude palm oil with mass and heat transfer in a closed system |
| title_full | Kinetics of thermal hydrolysis of crude palm oil with mass and heat transfer in a closed system |
| title_fullStr | Kinetics of thermal hydrolysis of crude palm oil with mass and heat transfer in a closed system |
| title_full_unstemmed | Kinetics of thermal hydrolysis of crude palm oil with mass and heat transfer in a closed system |
| title_short | Kinetics of thermal hydrolysis of crude palm oil with mass and heat transfer in a closed system |
| title_sort | kinetics of thermal hydrolysis of crude palm oil with mass and heat transfer in a closed system |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/81173/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/81173/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/81173/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/81173/1/Kinetics%20of%20thermal%20hydrolysis.pdf |