Application of enrichment factor, geoaccumulation index, and ecological risk index in assessing the elemental pollution status of surface sediments
Sediment can accumulate trace elements in the environment. This study profiled the magnitude of As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn pollution in surface sediments of the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Trace elements were digested using aqua regia and were analyzed using the inductively co...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2019
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/80703/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/80703/1/SEDIMENT.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848858940378447872 |
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| author | Looi, Ley Juen Aris, Ahmad Zaharin Md Yusoff, Fatimah Mohd Isa, Noorain Haris, Hazzeman |
| author_facet | Looi, Ley Juen Aris, Ahmad Zaharin Md Yusoff, Fatimah Mohd Isa, Noorain Haris, Hazzeman |
| author_sort | Looi, Ley Juen |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Sediment can accumulate trace elements in the environment. This study profiled the magnitude of As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn pollution in surface sediments of the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Trace elements were digested using aqua regia and were analyzed using the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The extent of elemental pollution was evaluated using with the enrichment factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo). This study found that the elemental distribution in the sediment in descending order was Zn > Ba > Cr > Pb > Cu > As > Ni > Co > Se > Cd. Zn concentrations in all samples were below the interim sediment quality guideline (ISQG) (124 mg/kg). In contrast, Cd concentrations (2.34 ± 0.01 mg/kg) at Station 31 (Merlimau) exceeded the ISQG (0.70 mg/kg), and the concentrations of As in the samples from Station 9 (Tanjung Dawai) exceeded the probable effect level (41.60 mg/kg). The Igeo and EF revealed that Station 9 and Station 31 were extremely enriched with Se and Cd, respectively. All stations posed low ecological risk, except Station 31, which had moderate ecological risk. The outputs from this study are expected to provide the background levels of pollutants and help develop regional sediment quality guideline values. This study is also important in aiding relevant authorities to set priorities for resources management and policy implementation. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:21:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-80703 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:21:26Z |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publisher | Springer |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-807032020-11-04T12:56:55Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/80703/ Application of enrichment factor, geoaccumulation index, and ecological risk index in assessing the elemental pollution status of surface sediments Looi, Ley Juen Aris, Ahmad Zaharin Md Yusoff, Fatimah Mohd Isa, Noorain Haris, Hazzeman Sediment can accumulate trace elements in the environment. This study profiled the magnitude of As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn pollution in surface sediments of the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Trace elements were digested using aqua regia and were analyzed using the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The extent of elemental pollution was evaluated using with the enrichment factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo). This study found that the elemental distribution in the sediment in descending order was Zn > Ba > Cr > Pb > Cu > As > Ni > Co > Se > Cd. Zn concentrations in all samples were below the interim sediment quality guideline (ISQG) (124 mg/kg). In contrast, Cd concentrations (2.34 ± 0.01 mg/kg) at Station 31 (Merlimau) exceeded the ISQG (0.70 mg/kg), and the concentrations of As in the samples from Station 9 (Tanjung Dawai) exceeded the probable effect level (41.60 mg/kg). The Igeo and EF revealed that Station 9 and Station 31 were extremely enriched with Se and Cd, respectively. All stations posed low ecological risk, except Station 31, which had moderate ecological risk. The outputs from this study are expected to provide the background levels of pollutants and help develop regional sediment quality guideline values. This study is also important in aiding relevant authorities to set priorities for resources management and policy implementation. Springer 2019 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/80703/1/SEDIMENT.pdf Looi, Ley Juen and Aris, Ahmad Zaharin and Md Yusoff, Fatimah and Mohd Isa, Noorain and Haris, Hazzeman (2019) Application of enrichment factor, geoaccumulation index, and ecological risk index in assessing the elemental pollution status of surface sediments. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 41 (1). pp. 27-42. ISSN 0269-4042; ESSN: 1573-2983 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29982907/#affiliation-1 10.1007/s10653-018-0149-1 |
| spellingShingle | Looi, Ley Juen Aris, Ahmad Zaharin Md Yusoff, Fatimah Mohd Isa, Noorain Haris, Hazzeman Application of enrichment factor, geoaccumulation index, and ecological risk index in assessing the elemental pollution status of surface sediments |
| title | Application of enrichment factor, geoaccumulation index, and ecological risk index in assessing the elemental pollution status of surface sediments |
| title_full | Application of enrichment factor, geoaccumulation index, and ecological risk index in assessing the elemental pollution status of surface sediments |
| title_fullStr | Application of enrichment factor, geoaccumulation index, and ecological risk index in assessing the elemental pollution status of surface sediments |
| title_full_unstemmed | Application of enrichment factor, geoaccumulation index, and ecological risk index in assessing the elemental pollution status of surface sediments |
| title_short | Application of enrichment factor, geoaccumulation index, and ecological risk index in assessing the elemental pollution status of surface sediments |
| title_sort | application of enrichment factor, geoaccumulation index, and ecological risk index in assessing the elemental pollution status of surface sediments |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/80703/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/80703/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/80703/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/80703/1/SEDIMENT.pdf |