Antioxidative and photocytotoxic effects of standardized Clinacanthus nutans and Strobilanthes crispus extracts toward HepG2 liver cells
Introduction: The methanolic extracts of Clinacanthus nutans (CME) and Strobilanthes crispus (SME) are used in Malaysia as a complementary and alternative medicine for cancer. Objective: The present study aimed to determine the antioxidative and photocytotoxic effects of CME and SME toward liver...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Medknow Publications and Media
2019
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/80687/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/80687/1/NUTAN.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848858937829359616 |
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| author | Tan, Sheri-Ann Shi, Yun Lim Chieu, Shie Law Chen, Son Yue Tze, Ven Poh Saad, Wan Zuhainis Ismail, Saila Mohd Yusoff, Khatijah Loke, Chui Fung |
| author_facet | Tan, Sheri-Ann Shi, Yun Lim Chieu, Shie Law Chen, Son Yue Tze, Ven Poh Saad, Wan Zuhainis Ismail, Saila Mohd Yusoff, Khatijah Loke, Chui Fung |
| author_sort | Tan, Sheri-Ann |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Introduction: The methanolic extracts of Clinacanthus nutans (CME) and Strobilanthes crispus (SME) are used in Malaysia as a complementary and alternative medicine for cancer.
Objective: The present study aimed to determine the antioxidative and photocytotoxic effects of CME and SME toward liver cancer cells. Materials and Methods: Cell‑based (2′,7′‑dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate) and chemical‑based (2,2‑diphenyl‑1‑picrylhydrazyl [DPPH]) experiments were utilized to determine the antioxidative properties of both herbal extracts. CME and SME were also tested for their photocytotoxic potentials after photodynamic therapy (PDT). Phytochemical analysis was performed to identify the phytocompounds present in the extracts. Results: Both the extracts demonstrated dose‑dependent DPPH radical scavenging activities, while SME was found to be a stronger reactive oxygen species scavenger than CME at all concentrations tested on liver cells. Interestingly, on PDT, HepG2 cells treated with SME and CME at nontoxic doses showed a decrease in cellular viability charting half‑maximal inhibitory concentration of 13.45 μg/mL and 81.03 μg/mL, respectively. Total phenolic content of SME (36.27 ± 1.31 mg GAE/g extract) was slightly higher than CME (31.76 ± 0.10 mg GAE/g extract). On the contrary, the total flavonoid content of CME (11.32 ± 0.28 mg QE/g extract) was approximately seven times more than SME (1.69 ± 0.03 mg QE/g extract). Phenolic acids, flavonoids, and pheophorbide‑a were identified in both extracts. In view of this, these phytocompounds present in CME and SME could lead to the observed beneficial effects.
Conclusion: CME and SME, especially the latter, are strong antioxidants with photosensitizing potentials that should be further investigated. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:21:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-80687 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:21:23Z |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publisher | Medknow Publications and Media |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-806872020-11-12T00:43:07Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/80687/ Antioxidative and photocytotoxic effects of standardized Clinacanthus nutans and Strobilanthes crispus extracts toward HepG2 liver cells Tan, Sheri-Ann Shi, Yun Lim Chieu, Shie Law Chen, Son Yue Tze, Ven Poh Saad, Wan Zuhainis Ismail, Saila Mohd Yusoff, Khatijah Loke, Chui Fung Introduction: The methanolic extracts of Clinacanthus nutans (CME) and Strobilanthes crispus (SME) are used in Malaysia as a complementary and alternative medicine for cancer. Objective: The present study aimed to determine the antioxidative and photocytotoxic effects of CME and SME toward liver cancer cells. Materials and Methods: Cell‑based (2′,7′‑dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate) and chemical‑based (2,2‑diphenyl‑1‑picrylhydrazyl [DPPH]) experiments were utilized to determine the antioxidative properties of both herbal extracts. CME and SME were also tested for their photocytotoxic potentials after photodynamic therapy (PDT). Phytochemical analysis was performed to identify the phytocompounds present in the extracts. Results: Both the extracts demonstrated dose‑dependent DPPH radical scavenging activities, while SME was found to be a stronger reactive oxygen species scavenger than CME at all concentrations tested on liver cells. Interestingly, on PDT, HepG2 cells treated with SME and CME at nontoxic doses showed a decrease in cellular viability charting half‑maximal inhibitory concentration of 13.45 μg/mL and 81.03 μg/mL, respectively. Total phenolic content of SME (36.27 ± 1.31 mg GAE/g extract) was slightly higher than CME (31.76 ± 0.10 mg GAE/g extract). On the contrary, the total flavonoid content of CME (11.32 ± 0.28 mg QE/g extract) was approximately seven times more than SME (1.69 ± 0.03 mg QE/g extract). Phenolic acids, flavonoids, and pheophorbide‑a were identified in both extracts. In view of this, these phytocompounds present in CME and SME could lead to the observed beneficial effects. Conclusion: CME and SME, especially the latter, are strong antioxidants with photosensitizing potentials that should be further investigated. Medknow Publications and Media 2019 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/80687/1/NUTAN.pdf Tan, Sheri-Ann and Shi, Yun Lim and Chieu, Shie Law and Chen, Son Yue and Tze, Ven Poh and Saad, Wan Zuhainis and Ismail, Saila and Mohd Yusoff, Khatijah and Loke, Chui Fung (2019) Antioxidative and photocytotoxic effects of standardized Clinacanthus nutans and Strobilanthes crispus extracts toward HepG2 liver cells. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 15 (65). pp. 613-620. ISSN 0973-1296; ESSN: 0976-4062 http://www.phcog.com/temp/PhcogMag1565613-105503_025550.pdf 10.4103/pm.pm_84_19 |
| spellingShingle | Tan, Sheri-Ann Shi, Yun Lim Chieu, Shie Law Chen, Son Yue Tze, Ven Poh Saad, Wan Zuhainis Ismail, Saila Mohd Yusoff, Khatijah Loke, Chui Fung Antioxidative and photocytotoxic effects of standardized Clinacanthus nutans and Strobilanthes crispus extracts toward HepG2 liver cells |
| title | Antioxidative and photocytotoxic effects of standardized Clinacanthus nutans and Strobilanthes crispus extracts toward HepG2 liver cells |
| title_full | Antioxidative and photocytotoxic effects of standardized Clinacanthus nutans and Strobilanthes crispus extracts toward HepG2 liver cells |
| title_fullStr | Antioxidative and photocytotoxic effects of standardized Clinacanthus nutans and Strobilanthes crispus extracts toward HepG2 liver cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antioxidative and photocytotoxic effects of standardized Clinacanthus nutans and Strobilanthes crispus extracts toward HepG2 liver cells |
| title_short | Antioxidative and photocytotoxic effects of standardized Clinacanthus nutans and Strobilanthes crispus extracts toward HepG2 liver cells |
| title_sort | antioxidative and photocytotoxic effects of standardized clinacanthus nutans and strobilanthes crispus extracts toward hepg2 liver cells |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/80687/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/80687/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/80687/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/80687/1/NUTAN.pdf |