Antioxidant compounds and capacities of Gac (Momordica cochinchinesis Spreng) fruits
Objective: To identify and determine the composition of antioxidant compounds, and to evaluate the antioxidant abilities of Gac fruit parts (peel, pulp, seed and aril) grown in Malaysia. Methods: LC-MS/MS was used for identification of antioxidant compounds and UV-Vis for estimation of the contents...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Medknow Publications and Media
2019
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/80681/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/80681/1/ANTI.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848858936968478720 |
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| author | Abdulqader, Ali Ali, Faisal Ismail, Amin Mohd Esa, Norhaizan |
| author_facet | Abdulqader, Ali Ali, Faisal Ismail, Amin Mohd Esa, Norhaizan |
| author_sort | Abdulqader, Ali |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Objective: To identify and determine the composition of antioxidant compounds, and to evaluate the antioxidant abilities of Gac fruit parts (peel, pulp, seed and aril) grown in Malaysia.
Methods: LC-MS/MS was used for identification of antioxidant compounds and UV-Vis for estimation of the contents of phenolics, flavonoids, and carotenoids. Lycopene and 毬-carotene were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl) and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays were employed to evaluate antioxidant capacities. Results: Phytochemicals were found amongst all the fruit parts. Notably, significant amounts of carotenoids [(107.4 ± 4.5), (85.7 ± 4.4), (110.6 ± 2.1) mg/100 g dry weight (DW)], and relatively high levels of both phenolics [(27.3 ± 1.7), (28.9 ± 2.4), (30.8 ± 2.7) mg/100 g DW] and flavonoids [(38.1 ± 2.2), (8.8 ± 1.3), (24.5 ± 3.3) mg/100 g DW] were found in the fruit’s peel, pulp and aril, respectively. Seed part also showed a relatively high level of flavonoids [(18.1 ± 2.3) mg/100 g DW]. Lycopene and 毬-carotene were found to be significantly high (P < 0.05) in aril [(579.3 ± 22.7) and (621.0 ± 35.0) µg/g DW], followed by peel [(51.0 ± 7.5) and (210.0 ± 12.5) μg/g DW] and pulp [(37.6 ± 10.9) and (205.6 ± 22.1) μg/g DW)]. Antioxidant assays revealed that aril possessed the highest scavenging activity (IC50 = 865 μg/mL), while the peel
possessed the highest ferric reducing power of 140 µmol FeSO4/µg. Conclusions: The current results demonstrate that Gac fruit grown in Malaysia is a rich source of phytochemicals, especially carotenoids, and possesses antioxidant activities. Thus, such findings suggest Gac fruit as a source of an antioxidant plant. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:21:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-80681 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:21:22Z |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publisher | Medknow Publications and Media |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-806812020-11-12T00:42:18Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/80681/ Antioxidant compounds and capacities of Gac (Momordica cochinchinesis Spreng) fruits Abdulqader, Ali Ali, Faisal Ismail, Amin Mohd Esa, Norhaizan Objective: To identify and determine the composition of antioxidant compounds, and to evaluate the antioxidant abilities of Gac fruit parts (peel, pulp, seed and aril) grown in Malaysia. Methods: LC-MS/MS was used for identification of antioxidant compounds and UV-Vis for estimation of the contents of phenolics, flavonoids, and carotenoids. Lycopene and 毬-carotene were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl) and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays were employed to evaluate antioxidant capacities. Results: Phytochemicals were found amongst all the fruit parts. Notably, significant amounts of carotenoids [(107.4 ± 4.5), (85.7 ± 4.4), (110.6 ± 2.1) mg/100 g dry weight (DW)], and relatively high levels of both phenolics [(27.3 ± 1.7), (28.9 ± 2.4), (30.8 ± 2.7) mg/100 g DW] and flavonoids [(38.1 ± 2.2), (8.8 ± 1.3), (24.5 ± 3.3) mg/100 g DW] were found in the fruit’s peel, pulp and aril, respectively. Seed part also showed a relatively high level of flavonoids [(18.1 ± 2.3) mg/100 g DW]. Lycopene and 毬-carotene were found to be significantly high (P < 0.05) in aril [(579.3 ± 22.7) and (621.0 ± 35.0) µg/g DW], followed by peel [(51.0 ± 7.5) and (210.0 ± 12.5) μg/g DW] and pulp [(37.6 ± 10.9) and (205.6 ± 22.1) μg/g DW)]. Antioxidant assays revealed that aril possessed the highest scavenging activity (IC50 = 865 μg/mL), while the peel possessed the highest ferric reducing power of 140 µmol FeSO4/µg. Conclusions: The current results demonstrate that Gac fruit grown in Malaysia is a rich source of phytochemicals, especially carotenoids, and possesses antioxidant activities. Thus, such findings suggest Gac fruit as a source of an antioxidant plant. Medknow Publications and Media 2019 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/80681/1/ANTI.pdf Abdulqader, Ali and Ali, Faisal and Ismail, Amin and Mohd Esa, Norhaizan (2019) Antioxidant compounds and capacities of Gac (Momordica cochinchinesis Spreng) fruits. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 9 (4). pp. 158-167. ISSN 2221-1691; ESSN: 2588-9222 https://www.apjtb.org/temp/AsianPacJTropBiomed94158-8735126_022535.pdf 10.4103/2221-1691.256729 |
| spellingShingle | Abdulqader, Ali Ali, Faisal Ismail, Amin Mohd Esa, Norhaizan Antioxidant compounds and capacities of Gac (Momordica cochinchinesis Spreng) fruits |
| title | Antioxidant compounds and capacities of Gac (Momordica cochinchinesis Spreng) fruits |
| title_full | Antioxidant compounds and capacities of Gac (Momordica cochinchinesis Spreng) fruits |
| title_fullStr | Antioxidant compounds and capacities of Gac (Momordica cochinchinesis Spreng) fruits |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antioxidant compounds and capacities of Gac (Momordica cochinchinesis Spreng) fruits |
| title_short | Antioxidant compounds and capacities of Gac (Momordica cochinchinesis Spreng) fruits |
| title_sort | antioxidant compounds and capacities of gac (momordica cochinchinesis spreng) fruits |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/80681/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/80681/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/80681/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/80681/1/ANTI.pdf |