Occurrence of aflatoxins in selected processed foods from Pakistan
A total of 125 (ready to eat) processed food samples (70 intended for infant and 55 for adult intake) belonging to 20 different food categories were analyzed for aflatoxins contamination using Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) with fluorescent detection. A solvent mixtur...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI
2012
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/77982/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/77982/1/77982.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848858380286820352 |
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| author | Mushtaq, Muhammad Sultana, Bushra Anwar, Farooq Khan, Muhammad Zargham Ashrafuzzaman, Muhammad |
| author_facet | Mushtaq, Muhammad Sultana, Bushra Anwar, Farooq Khan, Muhammad Zargham Ashrafuzzaman, Muhammad |
| author_sort | Mushtaq, Muhammad |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | A total of 125 (ready to eat) processed food samples (70 intended for infant and 55 for adult intake) belonging to 20 different food categories were analyzed for aflatoxins contamination using Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) with fluorescent detection. A solvent mixture of acetonitrile-water was used for the extraction followed by immunoaffinity clean-up to enhance sensitivity of the method. The limit of detection (LOD) (0.01–0.02 ng·g−1) and limit of quantification (LOQ) (0.02 ng·g−1) was established for aflatoxins based on signal to noise ratio of 3:1 and 10:1, respectively. Of the processed food samples tested, 38% were contaminated with four types of aflatoxins, i.e., AFB1 (0.02–1.24 μg·kg−1), AFB2 (0.02–0.37 μg·kg−1), AFG1 (0.25–2.7 μg·kg−1) and AFG2 (0.21–1.3 μg·kg−1). In addition, the results showed that 21% of the processed foods intended for infants contained AFB1 levels higher than the European Union permissible limits (0.1 μg·kg−1), while all of those intended for adult consumption had aflatoxin contamination levels within the permitted limits. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:12:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-77982 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:12:31Z |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publisher | MDPI |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-779822020-06-01T03:11:25Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/77982/ Occurrence of aflatoxins in selected processed foods from Pakistan Mushtaq, Muhammad Sultana, Bushra Anwar, Farooq Khan, Muhammad Zargham Ashrafuzzaman, Muhammad A total of 125 (ready to eat) processed food samples (70 intended for infant and 55 for adult intake) belonging to 20 different food categories were analyzed for aflatoxins contamination using Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) with fluorescent detection. A solvent mixture of acetonitrile-water was used for the extraction followed by immunoaffinity clean-up to enhance sensitivity of the method. The limit of detection (LOD) (0.01–0.02 ng·g−1) and limit of quantification (LOQ) (0.02 ng·g−1) was established for aflatoxins based on signal to noise ratio of 3:1 and 10:1, respectively. Of the processed food samples tested, 38% were contaminated with four types of aflatoxins, i.e., AFB1 (0.02–1.24 μg·kg−1), AFB2 (0.02–0.37 μg·kg−1), AFG1 (0.25–2.7 μg·kg−1) and AFG2 (0.21–1.3 μg·kg−1). In addition, the results showed that 21% of the processed foods intended for infants contained AFB1 levels higher than the European Union permissible limits (0.1 μg·kg−1), while all of those intended for adult consumption had aflatoxin contamination levels within the permitted limits. MDPI 2012 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/77982/1/77982.pdf Mushtaq, Muhammad and Sultana, Bushra and Anwar, Farooq and Khan, Muhammad Zargham and Ashrafuzzaman, Muhammad (2012) Occurrence of aflatoxins in selected processed foods from Pakistan. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 13 (7). pp. 8324-8337. ISSN 1661-6596; ESSN: 1422-0067 https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/13/7/8324 10.3390/ijms13078324 |
| spellingShingle | Mushtaq, Muhammad Sultana, Bushra Anwar, Farooq Khan, Muhammad Zargham Ashrafuzzaman, Muhammad Occurrence of aflatoxins in selected processed foods from Pakistan |
| title | Occurrence of aflatoxins in selected processed foods from Pakistan |
| title_full | Occurrence of aflatoxins in selected processed foods from Pakistan |
| title_fullStr | Occurrence of aflatoxins in selected processed foods from Pakistan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Occurrence of aflatoxins in selected processed foods from Pakistan |
| title_short | Occurrence of aflatoxins in selected processed foods from Pakistan |
| title_sort | occurrence of aflatoxins in selected processed foods from pakistan |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/77982/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/77982/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/77982/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/77982/1/77982.pdf |