Effects of brown rice and white rice on expression of xenobiotic metabolism genes in type 2 diabetic rats
Xenobiotics constantly influence biological systems through several means of interaction. These interactions are disturbed in type 2 diabetes, with implications for disease outcome. We aimed to study the implications of such disturbances on type 2 diabetes and rice consumption, the results of which...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI
2012
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/77979/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/77979/1/77979.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848858379288576000 |
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| author | Imam, Mustapha Umar Ismail, Maznah |
| author_facet | Imam, Mustapha Umar Ismail, Maznah |
| author_sort | Imam, Mustapha Umar |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Xenobiotics constantly influence biological systems through several means of interaction. These interactions are disturbed in type 2 diabetes, with implications for disease outcome. We aimed to study the implications of such disturbances on type 2 diabetes and rice consumption, the results of which could affect management of the disease in developing countries. In a type 2 diabetic rat model induced through a combination of high fat diet and low dose streptozotocin injection, up-regulation of xenobiotic metabolism genes in the diabetic untreated group was observed. Xenobiotic metabolism genes were upregulated more in the white rice (WR) group than the diabetic untreated group while the brown rice (BR) group showed significantly lower expression values, though not as effective as metformin, which gave values closer to the normal non-diabetic group. The fold changes in expression in the WR group compared to the BR group for Cyp2D4, Cyp3A1, Cyp4A1, Cyp2B1, Cyp2E1, Cyp2C11, UGT2B1, ALDH1A1 and Cyp2C6 were 2.6, 2, 1.5, 4, 2.8, 1.5, 1.8, 3 and 5, respectively. Our results suggest that WR may upregulate these genes in type 2 diabetes more than BR, potentially causing faster drug metabolism, less drug efficacy and more toxicity. These results may have profound implications for rice eating populations, constituting half the world’s population. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:12:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-77979 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:12:30Z |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publisher | MDPI |
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| spelling | upm-779792020-06-01T03:10:57Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/77979/ Effects of brown rice and white rice on expression of xenobiotic metabolism genes in type 2 diabetic rats Imam, Mustapha Umar Ismail, Maznah Xenobiotics constantly influence biological systems through several means of interaction. These interactions are disturbed in type 2 diabetes, with implications for disease outcome. We aimed to study the implications of such disturbances on type 2 diabetes and rice consumption, the results of which could affect management of the disease in developing countries. In a type 2 diabetic rat model induced through a combination of high fat diet and low dose streptozotocin injection, up-regulation of xenobiotic metabolism genes in the diabetic untreated group was observed. Xenobiotic metabolism genes were upregulated more in the white rice (WR) group than the diabetic untreated group while the brown rice (BR) group showed significantly lower expression values, though not as effective as metformin, which gave values closer to the normal non-diabetic group. The fold changes in expression in the WR group compared to the BR group for Cyp2D4, Cyp3A1, Cyp4A1, Cyp2B1, Cyp2E1, Cyp2C11, UGT2B1, ALDH1A1 and Cyp2C6 were 2.6, 2, 1.5, 4, 2.8, 1.5, 1.8, 3 and 5, respectively. Our results suggest that WR may upregulate these genes in type 2 diabetes more than BR, potentially causing faster drug metabolism, less drug efficacy and more toxicity. These results may have profound implications for rice eating populations, constituting half the world’s population. MDPI 2012 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/77979/1/77979.pdf Imam, Mustapha Umar and Ismail, Maznah (2012) Effects of brown rice and white rice on expression of xenobiotic metabolism genes in type 2 diabetic rats. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 13 (7). pp. 8597-8608. ISSN 1661-6596; ESSN: 1422-0067 https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/13/7/8597 10.3390/ijms13078597 |
| spellingShingle | Imam, Mustapha Umar Ismail, Maznah Effects of brown rice and white rice on expression of xenobiotic metabolism genes in type 2 diabetic rats |
| title | Effects of brown rice and white rice on expression of xenobiotic metabolism genes in type 2 diabetic rats |
| title_full | Effects of brown rice and white rice on expression of xenobiotic metabolism genes in type 2 diabetic rats |
| title_fullStr | Effects of brown rice and white rice on expression of xenobiotic metabolism genes in type 2 diabetic rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of brown rice and white rice on expression of xenobiotic metabolism genes in type 2 diabetic rats |
| title_short | Effects of brown rice and white rice on expression of xenobiotic metabolism genes in type 2 diabetic rats |
| title_sort | effects of brown rice and white rice on expression of xenobiotic metabolism genes in type 2 diabetic rats |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/77979/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/77979/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/77979/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/77979/1/77979.pdf |