Optimisation of squalene recovery from palm oil by-product using integrated sc-CO2-pressure swing
Squalene is used as an ingredient in functional foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Due to the limitation of squalene availability from predominant source which is shark liver oil and to sustain the environment by fully utilising the by-product of palm oil, an effort has been made to find a poten...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Malaysian Palm Oil Board
2018
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/75152/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/75152/1/Optimisation%20of%20squalene%20recovery%20from%20palm%20oil%20by-product%20using%20integrated%20sc-CO2-pressure%20swing.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848857617534812160 |
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| author | Suleiman, Norhidayah Baharin, Badlishah Sham Sarker, Md Zaidul Islam Mirhosseini, Seyed Hamed Ali, Mohd Helmi |
| author_facet | Suleiman, Norhidayah Baharin, Badlishah Sham Sarker, Md Zaidul Islam Mirhosseini, Seyed Hamed Ali, Mohd Helmi |
| author_sort | Suleiman, Norhidayah |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Squalene is used as an ingredient in functional foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Due to the limitation of squalene availability from predominant source which is shark liver oil and to sustain the environment by fully utilising the by-product of palm oil, an effort has been made to find a potential source of squalene as an alternative to shark liver oil. The motivation for this work is to optimise its extraction from an alternative source, a palm oil by-product known as palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), using supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) with the aid of a pressure swing technique. The measurements were performed using a sc-CO2 extraction in a fixed bed at temperatures of 40°C, 50°C, and 60°C, pressures of 20, 30 and 40 MPa, and holding times of 20, 30 and 40 min; high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for squalene content analysis, optimised with a central composite design using research surface methodology (RSM). The second-order polynomial mathematical model adequately fitted the experimental results. The maximum squalene content from the model was predicted to be 356.24 ppm under the set of conditions with pressure of 23 MPa, temperature at 40°C, and 20 min holding time. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:00:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-75152 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:00:24Z |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publisher | Malaysian Palm Oil Board |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-751522019-11-27T01:07:36Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/75152/ Optimisation of squalene recovery from palm oil by-product using integrated sc-CO2-pressure swing Suleiman, Norhidayah Baharin, Badlishah Sham Sarker, Md Zaidul Islam Mirhosseini, Seyed Hamed Ali, Mohd Helmi Squalene is used as an ingredient in functional foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Due to the limitation of squalene availability from predominant source which is shark liver oil and to sustain the environment by fully utilising the by-product of palm oil, an effort has been made to find a potential source of squalene as an alternative to shark liver oil. The motivation for this work is to optimise its extraction from an alternative source, a palm oil by-product known as palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), using supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) with the aid of a pressure swing technique. The measurements were performed using a sc-CO2 extraction in a fixed bed at temperatures of 40°C, 50°C, and 60°C, pressures of 20, 30 and 40 MPa, and holding times of 20, 30 and 40 min; high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for squalene content analysis, optimised with a central composite design using research surface methodology (RSM). The second-order polynomial mathematical model adequately fitted the experimental results. The maximum squalene content from the model was predicted to be 356.24 ppm under the set of conditions with pressure of 23 MPa, temperature at 40°C, and 20 min holding time. Malaysian Palm Oil Board 2018-12-01 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/75152/1/Optimisation%20of%20squalene%20recovery%20from%20palm%20oil%20by-product%20using%20integrated%20sc-CO2-pressure%20swing.pdf Suleiman, Norhidayah and Baharin, Badlishah Sham and Sarker, Md Zaidul Islam and Mirhosseini, Seyed Hamed and Ali, Mohd Helmi (2018) Optimisation of squalene recovery from palm oil by-product using integrated sc-CO2-pressure swing. Journal of Oil Palm Research, 30 (4). 570 - 578. ISSN 1511-2780 http://jopr.mpob.gov.my/optimisation-of-squalene-recovery-from-palm-oil-by-product-using-integrated-scco2-pressure-swing/ 10.21894/jopr.2018.0056 |
| spellingShingle | Suleiman, Norhidayah Baharin, Badlishah Sham Sarker, Md Zaidul Islam Mirhosseini, Seyed Hamed Ali, Mohd Helmi Optimisation of squalene recovery from palm oil by-product using integrated sc-CO2-pressure swing |
| title | Optimisation of squalene recovery from palm oil by-product using integrated sc-CO2-pressure swing |
| title_full | Optimisation of squalene recovery from palm oil by-product using integrated sc-CO2-pressure swing |
| title_fullStr | Optimisation of squalene recovery from palm oil by-product using integrated sc-CO2-pressure swing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimisation of squalene recovery from palm oil by-product using integrated sc-CO2-pressure swing |
| title_short | Optimisation of squalene recovery from palm oil by-product using integrated sc-CO2-pressure swing |
| title_sort | optimisation of squalene recovery from palm oil by-product using integrated sc-co2-pressure swing |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/75152/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/75152/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/75152/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/75152/1/Optimisation%20of%20squalene%20recovery%20from%20palm%20oil%20by-product%20using%20integrated%20sc-CO2-pressure%20swing.pdf |